List of articles (by subject) Technology Management

    • Open Access Article

      1 - Open Innovation; A Comprehensive View on Concepts, Approaches, Trends and Key Success Factors
      Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar Manochehr Manteghi Gholamreza Tavakoli
      In the past, the development and commercialization of an innovation process used to depend on intra-organizational think-tank and efforts. Today, however, Open Innovation paradigm calls companies to also tap into outside ideas and technologies and yet mutually allow oth More
      In the past, the development and commercialization of an innovation process used to depend on intra-organizational think-tank and efforts. Today, however, Open Innovation paradigm calls companies to also tap into outside ideas and technologies and yet mutually allow other companies to exploit their innovative ideas. Open Innovation is a hot topic which has outstandingly drawn researchers' and managers' attention from various perspectives in the past few years. Therefore, reviewing on a case study basis, the topic's entire literature that comprises 70 papers, the current research paper aims to cover its concepts, approaches, major trends, and key success factors. To point to a few findings of the research, the paper dramatizes new and emerging perspectives and trends in the realm of Open Innovation, successes like external networking, innovation brokers, technology intelligence, absorption capacity, open business model, and human factors such as culture and motivation. The paper concludes that managers of companies and organizations should exploit Open Innovation as a solution to confront fast changing technological trends, short technology life cycles, high internal R&D costs, and sever global competition. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      2 - A Review of the Rules and Regulations of Science and Technology and Relationship to Innovation
      Mohammad reza Ata pour Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan
      In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation ( More
      In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation (STI). In the literature, especially according to some economists such as Schumpeter, it is proven that laws and regulations could have the positive and negative impact on the development of technology and innovation. The literature review has shown that there are three views to achieve a comprehensive legislation in the field of STI. The classification categories are OECD’s rules, technological and non-technological laws and the prevention of failures rules. In addition, in this research, science and technology rules and laws as "lows on science and technology" in other countries are also examined. As a result, the proposed framework is introduced to show the different dimensions considered to achieve comprehensive science, technology and innovation law. Finally, according to this research, there are some proposed factors such as institutional modifications and innovations, determination of important science and technology branches, comprehensive view about these regulating and concept of STI, and attention to dynamics of laws and rules, that decision makers should consider to achieving comprehensive regulations. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      3 - Evaluation of International Property Rights Index in Iran and MENA Region
      Saeed KiyanPour
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.005
      Today, access to more efficient private sector and improvement in business environment to provide the requisite context for active economic entrepreneurs' activity is considered as an economic strategy by different countries in the world. In this paper, we will study th More
      Today, access to more efficient private sector and improvement in business environment to provide the requisite context for active economic entrepreneurs' activity is considered as an economic strategy by different countries in the world. In this paper, we will study the ownership rights in MENA (Middle East and North Africa). This index indicates that Emirates with a score of 6.9 in Index LP, Israel with a score of 7.3 in Index LPR and Bahrain with a score of 8.1 in Index PPR are ranked first. Also in overall IPRI Index Qatar with a score of 7.3 is in the first place and Iran with a score of 4.3 is considered one of the last countries. The reason of deterioration and drop of 0.1% in Iran is related to political stability. Generally, Iran has the worst performance in the areas of political stability and the protection of patent and copyright. Authority of statue and juridical independence do not change compared to previous year, while control of corruption has decreased slightly and physical ownership right with a score of 5.5 is the strongest index for Iran. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      4 - Structural Modeling of Dimensions of Technology Management Activities and Organizational Effectiveness
      Reza Ansari aliakbar aubedi javad Shahmohammadi
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.008
      Organizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology managemen More
      Organizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology management activities, including strategies that can guarantee the success and also, the purpose of this study which investigated the effect of TMA on organizational effectiveness is a structural equation modeling approach. The research is applied and the method of data collection is descriptive-survey. In order to test the research model, a researcher made questionnaire was used and reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be as %83. The population samples were chosen from managers and supervisors in Isfahan Oil Refining Company in 2013. The results showed that the TMA such as technology identification, acquisition, exploitation, protection and selection have a significant and positive effect on organizational effectiveness, while no significant effect was obtained for technology learning on organizational effectiveness. Therefore, in this study TMA usage is recommended as stimulus the advancement and competitiveness of enterprises in the global arena. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      5 - Investigation of the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) in Iran’s Innovation System: Case Study: the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)
      Reza Ansari Hamidreza Tayebi
      National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions More
      National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions is research and technology organizations (RTOs). In most countries, such organizations exist independently and non-corporate. In the innovation system, the role of intermediaries (especially RTOs) in the innovation process is an important element of successful innovation. RTOs in developing countries are, therefore, important actors in NIS, since they contribute significantly in the intensive learning process, which enabled these countries to successfully catch up with developed ones and, subsequently, shape their economy into a Knowledge Based Economy. The most prominent of such organizations in the innovation system of Iran, is the academic center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). This article reviews and explains the research and technology organizations in the National Innovation System and studies ACECR as an example. Also, this article reviews reasons of formation for, distinguishing features, functions and domains of activity and position of research and technology organizations in National innovation system. Furthermore, the position of ACECR is explained as a Research and Technology Organization in Iran’s innovation system and finally some recommendations related to the role of ACECR in the innovation system of Iran and it’s domains of activity are made. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      6 - Analyzing and Designing a Proper Structure for Iran’s Science and Technology Parks
      Saeed Shadan Daruosh Pourseragian Ramin Zareu
      Organizational structure as an operational context for organization’s plans and strategies clarifies the relationship among employees or executives. Along with changing in the other components of transformation, organizations must consider changing their organizational More
      Organizational structure as an operational context for organization’s plans and strategies clarifies the relationship among employees or executives. Along with changing in the other components of transformation, organizations must consider changing their organizational structure. Iran’s Science and Technology Parks as centers for promopting innovation in a local and national society also need a structure appropriate to their mission, goals, tasks and fundamental activities. In this article, we review structure notion and its structural and content aspects and introduce Science and Technology Parks as developmental mechanisms. In order to achieve a proper structure for Iran’s Science and Technology Parks, we studied the Parks’ fundamental activities in their mission and goals statements and conduct a comparative study of the structure of 12 Science and Technology Parks of pioneer countries accompanied with acquiring the viewpoints of managers and experts of Science and Technology Parks. Then a conceptual model of organizational structure of Science and Technology Parks based on comparative studies and literature review in organizational structure and considering the challenge with current structure of Parks was developed. In the end, by interviewing managers and some of Iran’s Science and Technology Parks experts, the proper structure is presented and necessary suggestions to managers and future researchers are explained. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      7 - Proposing Conceptual Framework for Measuring Structural Capital in University
      Alireza Ghezel Majid Ramezan Mohammad reza Zahedi
      In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the More
      In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the present business environment. Knowledge management and intellectual capital approaches have become critical for universities, mainly due to the fact that universities’ main goals are the production and knowledge dissemination. Managers know they have to manage the process of learning and measure its outcomes and knowledge-based organizational resources, if they want to be competitive. Intellectual capital (IC) is a new approach which helps us face with barriers and problems of higher education system. It is the key successful element for knowledge-based organizations such as universities-. The managers of universities have to identify their IC, measure and manipulate it effectively. However, in the past few years, the problem of quantifying and accounting the value and explaining the components of the organization’s intellectual capital it has been questioned. Thus, this research tries to present indicators to measure structural capital (as one of the main parts of intellectual capital) by reviewing different frameworks in this field. At the end, we identified three Dimensions including Infrastructural Capital, Research and Development Capital, Knowledge Infrastructural Capital, using eight components and 50 indicators to measure these parameters. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      8 - Knowledge Management as a Model for Managing Knowledge-Based Firms in Science & Technology Park
      Zinat Eizadian Bizhan Abdollahi Valimorad Kiani
      Success in organizations is based on knowledge management, both the physical and financial resources. The new realities of business world are knowledge-based companies and organizations applying creativity and innovation. Science parks are important strategy to support More
      Success in organizations is based on knowledge management, both the physical and financial resources. The new realities of business world are knowledge-based companies and organizations applying creativity and innovation. Science parks are important strategy to support knowledge-based firms. After constructing companies it is very important how to manage them. So the organization task is to provide favorable condition for knowledge management. Nowadays the challenge is how managers develop employee's minds in knowledge based organizations. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. Institutionalization of knowledge management in science parks lead to improvement of their performance. Knowledge plays an important role in activating employees and organization. Gradually physical and financial capitals are replaced with intellectual capitals. The study suggests science parks managers should use new and suitable knowledge management models to improve their competitive advantage in order to mange knowledge and intellectual capitals to maintain sustainability in area of industry and society. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      9 - Rating the Effective Elements over E- Procurement Adoption in Organization by Statistical Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process Case study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways
      Farzaneh Pourkiyani Davood Vahdat Reza Askari Moghadam Eslam Nazemi alireza dadashi
      The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman te More
      The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (test H), and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here we used two methods to rate the elements over e-procurement adoption; The statistical processes and the AHP or Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, in this study two kinds of questionnaire are used and designed, likert and AHP. Likert questionnaire is completed by 97 persons among Iranian Railways experts, managers and senior managers having BA 70% and MA, 19%. The statistical processes result showed that most effectiveness elements over e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R are "Organization" as the first factor ranked score 4.0585 , "Technology" as the second factor ranked score 3.7807 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked score 3.6968 respectively. AHP questionnaire is completed by 24 managers and senior managers of I.I.R.R and its results are similar to Fridman and Kruskal-Wallis method: "Organization" is the first ranked score 0.389, "Technology" is the second ranked 0.378 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked 0.233 which are the most important factors in e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R respectively. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      10 - The Role and Status of Upgrading Techniques in Global Value Chains
      Zahra Ayagh Mahsa Farkhondeh Esmaeil Malek Akhlagh
      In the current era, with joining developing country to the global markets, companies in these countries are facing with competition pressure. Studies show that the best way for producing qualified products is moving toward skillful and smart activities. Since modern int More
      In the current era, with joining developing country to the global markets, companies in these countries are facing with competition pressure. Studies show that the best way for producing qualified products is moving toward skillful and smart activities. Since modern international commerce has provided the possibility of purchasing wide range of products, production and consumption are both taking place within far geographical distances. Therefore, in order to permanently exist in dynamic world markets, companies and industries do not have other chances except implementing upgraded techniques along the production process. Value chain analysis has important role in perception of effective implementation of such technique to successfully protect companies in global economy, because in global value chain framework, company can enhance added value and gain competitive advantages by using appropriate techniques through operations and production process improvement. The purpose of this study is the explanation of the role and status of upgrading techniques in global value chain. So at first the definition of upgrading concepts and existence technique is presented, then the role of upgrading technique in global value chain management is investigated through expressing global value chain basics and its models. Studies indicate that, product and process upgrading in hierarchical and quasi-hierarchical global value chain, and functional upgrading technique in market-driven global value chain model, act more efficiently; whereas in the chain of network–based relationship, producers and consumers use their competency and competitiveness complementarily for upgrading and innovation. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      11 - Effects of the Knowledge-Based Economic Variables on
      Rohollah Shahnazi
      Knowledge based economies are more strongly dependent on the production, distribution and use of knowledge than ever before. Output and employment are expanding fastest in high-technology industries, such as computers, electronics and aerospace. High-tech refers to tech More
      Knowledge based economies are more strongly dependent on the production, distribution and use of knowledge than ever before. Output and employment are expanding fastest in high-technology industries, such as computers, electronics and aerospace. High-tech refers to technology that is at the cutting edge and the most advanced technology available. High technology industries and services are central part of knowledge-based economy, and one of the main economic indicators for measure the knowledge in economic. In this paper, we introduce the principles and indicators of high-tech industries and analysis effect of the knowledge-based economy variables (ICT, R&D and Education expenditures) on their production. We have developed a model of high-tech industries production. This model has been estimated for 48 countries in 2000-2007 with using GLS Panel Data Approach. The results of the analysis show a positive and significant effect of ICT, R&D and education on high-tech industries .Elasticity calculation shows one percent increase in R&D will result 0.48 present increases in high-tech industrial production, Also one percent increase in ICT will result 0.68 present increases in high-tech industrial production and finally one percent increase in Education will result 0.29 percent increase on high-tech industrial production. So we require a lot of attention to R&D, ICT and Education in program and policy development of high tech industries. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      12 - Introducing a Framework to Implement Technology Management in Technology-based Firms
      Reza Ansari Javad Soltanzadeh
      Today, managers have come to this understanding that technology is the main source of competitive advantages and also growth in firms, hence it must be taken into consideration. Although Technology Management (TM) has become popular in the management area and many frame More
      Today, managers have come to this understanding that technology is the main source of competitive advantages and also growth in firms, hence it must be taken into consideration. Although Technology Management (TM) has become popular in the management area and many frameworks have been proposed, a practical framework and management tool is not available yet. To this point, Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) has been utilized to introduce a TM framework in technology-based firms by focusing on the creation of the dynamic capabilities’ flows. This article aims to clarify TM activities in DCT context, and moreover tries to determine relationships and interactions among TM, Knowledge Management (KM), and Innovation Management (IM) concepts. By reviewing TM frameworks proposed by different scholars an integral and appropriate framework based on Cetindamar’s et al. (2010) is suggested for technology-based firms. By considering that each of TM activities (Acquisition, Exploitation, Identification, Learning, Protection, and Selection) can create a specific dynamic capability ,six TM tools namely, Patent Analysis, Portfolio Management, roadmapping, S-curve, stage-gate, and Value analysis are described to implement TM activities. These six TM tools and the six TM activities could be a well starting point to apply TM in firms. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      13 - ICT Sector Investigation Regarding Components of Technology Management; Comparing Iran with 35 Selected Countries
      Vahid Zarrabi Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh Iman Mohammadian Khorasani Mausome Madah
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.004
      The main objective of this paper is employing main components of technology management to analyze and evaluate ICT sector situation in Iran compared with 35 selected countries. To this end, a conceptual model for technology management in ICT sector has been developed. T More
      The main objective of this paper is employing main components of technology management to analyze and evaluate ICT sector situation in Iran compared with 35 selected countries. To this end, a conceptual model for technology management in ICT sector has been developed. Then a set of appropriate indicators have been determined and classified by expert panelists to measure core components and supportive components of proposed conceptual model. Considering proposed conceptual model and selected indicators, the cross section data was collected for 35 selected countries from official and widely accepted international reports and datasets such as WDI, ITU, etc. Finally, technology management components in ICT sector of Iran have been compared with 34 selected countries in terms of policy-making issues, facilitating innovation, research and development activities, human resources training, financial support, entrepreneurship enhancement and technology diffusion. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      14 - The Potential of E-Business to Reduce the Bullwhip Effect in Auto Industry of Iran
      Lauya Olfat Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi
      Uncertainty about the supply chain and its various components causes demand variability in the length of chain in a way that as diverting from the final customer demand and actual orders, more fluctuation in amount of orders is observed and this can be followed by undes More
      Uncertainty about the supply chain and its various components causes demand variability in the length of chain in a way that as diverting from the final customer demand and actual orders, more fluctuation in amount of orders is observed and this can be followed by undesirable effects. This phenomenon is called Bullwhip effect. Several factors are involved in the occurrence of this problem for which some strategies to are listed. In this paper, first Bullwhip effect and what caused it in the supply chain are defined. Then, Key factors in reducing the effects in Auto industry using Survey are analyzed. Finally, with regard to the capabilities of electronic business, its role in confronting this phenomenon will be expressed. This Research is an Applied Research and a questionnaire containing 26 questions was used for the analysis. According to various aspects of creating Bullwhip Effect, partial sampling was used and a collection of experts in the field of inventory control, production planning and parts supply, sales, after sales service and supply chain management were surveyed. Calculated Samples are 171 experts. In this paper, The Mean Test is used to evaluate each hypothesis and finally Friedman's Test is used to assess being equal rank of Reducing Factors of Bullwhip effect. Innovative aspect of the research is observed in the study and identification of key factors in creating Bullwhip effect in supply chain and investigation of electronic business impact in reducing the negative effect. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      15 - A Review Of "The Support Of SMEs Development Plan", And Some Defects Of the Execution
      Davood Vahdat alireza dadashi
      A considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Me More
      A considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) , unemployment insurance, aid small producers by buying their products and help them to establish and launch services and manufacturing units that require less capital, and pay for new ideas to help those who have the ability to think, but are not able to produce or to do a service.What has been chosen as the solution by ninth government, In Iran since 2005, was development of SMEs and support them more, inorder to expand the dominance of their activities with the purpose of reducing unemployment. experts have presented several opposite and agree comments regarding the success or failure possible. Because this project is located in the beginning of path , these comments comes from the relative experts knowledge of the experiment of other countries. Our porpuse is to describe this type of firms and then we assess the results of this kind of supports and eventually the defects and weaknesses of performance. The relevant literature will review. Eventually, the future developments and strengthen the legal and financial infrastructure in Iran could lead to considerable Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      16 - The Advantages, Risks and Challenges of Outsourcing Strategy
      Rohollah Khodaverdi Ehsan Zohre bojnordi
      Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their compe More
      Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their competitive advantage in serving customers. Outsourcing is promoted as one of the most powerful trends that improve organization efficiency and growth. Outsourcing was defined as the operation of shifting a transaction previously-governed internally to an external supplier through a long-term contract. The most common benefits of outsourcing are: downsizing, cost savings, restructuring costs, focus on core business, quality improvement, operational expertise, access to talent, capacity management, and risk management. Nowadays organizations focus on core competencies and downsizing and try to outsource other activities to external provider. Also outsourcing helps organizations to achieve new organization's structure like flat organization and fast response organization. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages, risks and challenges of outsourcing strategy. After an introduction with outsourcing, a definition of outsourcing, outsourcing history and a review of outsourcing's features will be presented. In the following sections, we examine the motives and risks associated with outsourcing operations and propose a number of recommendations that require managers to focus on implementation of outsourcing operations. Also the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing are reviewed and a framework for the service activities of outsourcing will propose. The proposed framework considers moderator and independent variables of outsourcing and how they affect service activities. The outsourcing model for service activities emphasizes different service aspects and is also simple and holistic. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      17 - Analysis of Effect of Technology in Industries Efficiency by DEA Approach
      Ezatollah Abbasiyan Mohammad reza Dehghanpour Babak Deo mobed
      Trend of increasing competition leads to promotion of technical economy. Cost reduction and quality improvement has been introduced as bases for survival in global markets. What make this easier and accelerate it, are technical changes and improving efficiency and produ More
      Trend of increasing competition leads to promotion of technical economy. Cost reduction and quality improvement has been introduced as bases for survival in global markets. What make this easier and accelerate it, are technical changes and improving efficiency and productivity. On the one hand, technology has a special position in theories of economic growth and in regard to constraints in economy and optimal use of available resources has an important role. Technology is divided into different levels with different features and effects. One of these effects is the differences of efficiency between the different levels of technology that this paper intends to compare the efficiency of industries with different technologies. For this purpose, data from firms with 10 employees or more from Iran Statistical Center has been used. In this study, the efficiency of industries with various technology levels (high tech industries, medium tech industries and low tech industries) using data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been measured. Industries with different technologies have different production functions, so in order to estimate production functions of these industries, econometric panel data method has been used. Results of the research indicate that managerial efficiency of low technology industries, in comparison with other industries, is lower and technical efficiency of high technology industries is lower than other industries. However, industries with medium level of technology have appropriate level of technical efficiency, technological efficiency, and managerial efficiency and also scale efficiency. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      18 - A Comparison between Science and Technology Policy Institutes in Iran and Vision 2025 Region Countries
      Mostafa Taghavi Yaser Khoshneviss
      Nowadays, science and technology policy think tanks have an important role in design, analysis and evaluation of science and technology policies. These institutes have key impacts on the facilitating and improvement of science and technology development programs in many More
      Nowadays, science and technology policy think tanks have an important role in design, analysis and evaluation of science and technology policies. These institutes have key impacts on the facilitating and improvement of science and technology development programs in many countries. In this paper, we introduce three instances of science and technology policy institutes in our country and three other instances of these institutes in the vision 2025 region countries and then, compare their features and activities. The results can be utilized in design, establishment and development of science and technology policy think tanks in Iran Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      19 - Optimum Effect of Electronic Commerce on Supply Chain Management
      Hadi Heydari Saeed moheb Rabbani Hesam Zand Hesami
      Competitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, incre More
      Competitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, increasing quality, facilitate distribution, increasing customer satisfaction and ... , and Supply Chain Management should improve the coordination between members of the chain in order to achieve these goals and increase opportunities. Growth in information technology recent years, we witness, E-commerce are provided in the development pillars management. Especially that part of an integrated Internet and Electronic Commerce is required, high potential and capacity for efficient supply chain is to be. Paing attention to concepts of Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain Management, this article study factors influencing technology adoption in an organization and its followers, the effect of electronic commerce emerging as a new technology on the different section of chain. SCM development and change in the strategy units along with commercial development E-business with problems and obstacles inherent, It is necessary to response the pre challenges for this technology to the executive and the implementation makes essential. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      20 - The Role of IT in Establishing Electronic Customer Relationship Management (eCRM)
      Mohammad hosein Jarahi Saeed Saeida Ardekani Mohammad Zareiyan
      Emergence of new technologies such as Information Technology has extensive and profound effects on different dimensions of organization. One of these Dimensions, is Customer relationship management (CRM). Information Technology is one of the main aspects of CRM. The app More
      Emergence of new technologies such as Information Technology has extensive and profound effects on different dimensions of organization. One of these Dimensions, is Customer relationship management (CRM). Information Technology is one of the main aspects of CRM. The application of IT in CRM cause to make a new concept that is called Electronic Customer Relationship Management (eCRM). The purposes of this article; first, Survey eCRM in to multilateral dimension. Second, expressing development in traditional CRM and third, studing differences between CRM and eCRM. Then recognize definition, characteristics and status of eCRM. Next step, consider the various uses of IT in CRM and present opportunities in CRM that provide through IT. Then express the simple implementation of eCRM, along with the essential points. In addition, challenges and threats suffered eCRM and errors in its implementation are discussed. Next part is review of a successful implementation case of eCRM. At the end, trends and future perspectives of eCRM are explorered. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      21 - Critical challenges of Policy-Making for Emerging Technologies in Iran: Nano-Technology as a case
      Reza Ansari Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan
      Nowadays, in the industrial countries and ever-increasingly in the developing countries, the policy makers found that the concepts of National Innovation System are useful framework as systematic approach for compilation of technology policy. In this essay, by reviewing More
      Nowadays, in the industrial countries and ever-increasingly in the developing countries, the policy makers found that the concepts of National Innovation System are useful framework as systematic approach for compilation of technology policy. In this essay, by reviewing technologic policy making literature and concepts of National Innovation System as a framework for compilation of technologic policy, the experience of policy making of emerging technologies in the country (nano-technology as an example) have been inspected and analyzed. Also the main challenges and also some proposals have been presented in order to promote the status of emerging technologies policy making and finally with regard to the literature and main observations presented in this essay, necessity of systematic approach design faced with emerging technologies have been explained. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      22 - The Effect of IT Investments on Customer Satisfaction
      Behtaj Rasoli Poshte Jafar Bagheri Nejad
      Almost two trillion dollars in the world are capital and expenditure in the field of information technology projects annually. It's been more than a decade that researchers have discussed business value of information technology investment. Also plenty of investment has More
      Almost two trillion dollars in the world are capital and expenditure in the field of information technology projects annually. It's been more than a decade that researchers have discussed business value of information technology investment. Also plenty of investment has been spent to satisfy the customer and shopping experience in fields which are related to information technology. For example, firms have experienced low investment of information technology such as the Internet Services providers and high investment of information technology such as comprehensive information systems for the implementing and enforcing human resources planning. This article is a result of research on information technology and intends to review information technology investments and technologies such as Customer Relationship Management and determine its impact on customer satisfaction. Comparative analysis of findings showed that there is a direct relationship between information technology investment of organizations and customer satisfaction in wide-scale. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      23 - Nolans life cycle model: An Instrument for IT/IS Planning
      Mohammadjavad Ghorbani Abdoreza Shakeri
      In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies More
      In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies' survival guaranty. However use of IT costs a lot, implementing unplanned IT probably burden heavy problems to companies. So the organizations try to decrease these threats and access to IT opportunities, using IT planning to implement IT/IS. Environment produces different opportunities and threats to companies. So organizations should recognize all their characteristics and use of opportunities to decrease threats. Although we have different models and methodologies that explain all of IT/IS implementation stages, but Nolan’s life cycle model is a more important and famous in IT/IS planning stage. In this article we explain Nolan’s life cycle model and finally we explore relationship between managerial styles, participation and system success in each stage of model. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      24 - A Review of Technology Status in Iran's Development Plans
      Behrooz Arbab Shirani Hasan KIhakbaz
      In recent years, there is an increasing trend in paying attention to knowledge-based development in both developed and developing countries. Since education, research and technology are key components of this development, it is necessary to have comprehensive plans in v More
      In recent years, there is an increasing trend in paying attention to knowledge-based development in both developed and developing countries. Since education, research and technology are key components of this development, it is necessary to have comprehensive plans in various areas of science, research and technology. Fortunately, this movement has been considered by policymakers and planners in Iran in recent years. Based on Iran's 20-Year Development Vision Plan (2005-2025) which is the most important plan of the country, Iran will move toward becoming a developed country that has the first position in the region in terms of economy, science and technology. To achieve this vision, four 5-year plans have been defined, the first of which is the fourth development plan (2005-2009). One chapter of Iran's fourth development plan is dedicated to knowledge-based development which clearly points to science and technology issues. By the same token, the fifth development plan bill was sent to the parliament by the government and also part of this plan is dedicated to science and technology. But the main orientation of these programs is not accurate strategies for technology development. Science would be useful if it can be converted to wealth. Therefore, conducting applied research and technology development is very important. Throughout the full- paper we explain the importance of country's development plans in the field of science, research and technology and discuss the status of technology in Iran's third, fourth and fifth development plans. Finally, after analyzing the current situation, we express some key strategies to increase the effectiveness of development plans in Iran. Manuscript profile
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      25 - Basic Tactics in Achieving Information Systems' Strategic Planning
      Davood Vahdat Majid Navazani
      Information system’s strategic planning has some challenging problems. Despite the presence of various frameworks, the above-mentioned program is known as a complicated action and some problems lead to a barrier for the program’s success and also cause some problems to More
      Information system’s strategic planning has some challenging problems. Despite the presence of various frameworks, the above-mentioned program is known as a complicated action and some problems lead to a barrier for the program’s success and also cause some problems to planners. Several researchers have been accomplished in this regard which presented as field studies, case studies and pure studies. This paper aims at classifying and organizing these problems in line with understanding and distinguishing these problems correctly and executing information system’s strategic planning successfully. Then it presents some approaches to execute it in shape of a meaningful model. These approaches help organizations to prepare themselves before facing the problems of this kind, and understand/determine various aspects of planning process for information systems' strategic planning. Manuscript profile
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      26 - Labor Investors Standard; Take a Step toward Human Resource Development within the Progressive Organizations
      Mausomeh Dastani
      Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and caus More
      Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and cause the appearance of different concepts and approaches for increasing human resource performance. Improving the performance of the organization requires a pre-defined standard framework. This framework delivered to such organization by Investors in People Standard (IIPS) and gives this chance to the organizations in order to make an infrastructure and suitable environment which will result in developing human resources and improving organization performance. This standard was the first standard for developing human resource which has been edited via the excellence organizations in 1990. The above mentioned standards are useful tools for progressive organizations and corporations. It can cause human resource development by implementing optimal business management leading to organizations action reforms, and finally realizing organization goals and increasing its competitive ability. This article aims to present concepts and analyzed-common standard framework and advantages and positive results held by this standard in business and competitive advantages in the excellence organizations. Manuscript profile
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      27 - Risk and Return Evaluation of Information Technology Projects by Real Option and Mean-Variance Theory Perspective
      Hosein Rezaei Dolat abadi Samaneh Amir Boshli
      The selection of appropriate technology projects has been one of the most significant business challenges of the last decade. Nevertheless, Information technology projects represent the largest capital expenditure items for most firms, but many projects have been unsucc More
      The selection of appropriate technology projects has been one of the most significant business challenges of the last decade. Nevertheless, Information technology projects represent the largest capital expenditure items for most firms, but many projects have been unsuccessful. Because of the importance of such investments, there is a need for a scientific framework to analyze them. This paper analyses and uses Real Options and Mean-Variance theory for risk and return analysis, and ranking the information technology investment projects. These two models offer a simple, but comprehensive method for managers to evaluate potential information technology projects. Manuscript profile
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      28 - Typology of Technology Roadmaps
      Ali Forghani Ashkan Hagh bin
      In past two decades, Technology Roadmapping (TRM) became a popular technique at firm, industry and national level in developed countries. TRMs can take various forms, but generally comprise time-based multilayer charts linking technology developments to drivers and mark More
      In past two decades, Technology Roadmapping (TRM) became a popular technique at firm, industry and national level in developed countries. TRMs can take various forms, but generally comprise time-based multilayer charts linking technology developments to drivers and market trends. This article attempts to categorize different TRMs by presenting diversity of their applications, deploying levels, graphical formats, nature of technologies and different roadmapping approaches. Technology roadmapping is a flexible approach that can be used for various purposes. Although TRM has different shapes, but basic principles are the same. Thus process of developing a TRM is of special importance that present article attempts to explain different aspects of this process. Manuscript profile
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      29 - The Role of Processes Integration in Selecting E-business Model in Automobile Industry: A Case Study in Iran Khodro Company
      Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Ali Khatami firozabadi
      Use of E-businesses is considered as a necessity for getting Competitive Advantage. Selecting and Implementing E-business Models needs different inter-organization and intra-organization Backgrounds. One of the most important Backgrounds is integration in internal and e More
      Use of E-businesses is considered as a necessity for getting Competitive Advantage. Selecting and Implementing E-business Models needs different inter-organization and intra-organization Backgrounds. One of the most important Backgrounds is integration in internal and external processes in a company. In this article at first, different processes in Enterprise Resource Planning system is identified. Then, Importance of Integration for selecting and Implementing E-business in Automobile Industry is surveyed. At last, as a case study, the Integration in Internal and External Processes in Iran Khodro Company is measured. Manuscript profile
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      30 - Technology Performance Measurement Using Hybrid Model
      Safar Fazli Vahed Agheshlouei
      In the present competitive age, the organizations try to gain competitive edge. In order to gain competitive edge, the managers need to have some information about the function of their organizations and to decide how to improve them. Therefore it is necessary to use a More
      In the present competitive age, the organizations try to gain competitive edge. In order to gain competitive edge, the managers need to have some information about the function of their organizations and to decide how to improve them. Therefore it is necessary to use a method to gather the information about the performance. There are various methods to evaluate the performance in which the criteria for efficiency of units is that they should be placed in efficiency frontier. These methods ignore the role of no-zero input slack and output slack variables in production and consequently lead to lack of enough accuracy in evaluating the units functions. In this article, the Hybrid model is used in six Decision Making Units (DMUs) and according to results, it is presented as a more accurate and comprehensive measure of evaluation, and efforts have been made to present more realistic results for making decisions. Manuscript profile
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      31 - A Framework for Evaluating Information Technology Foresight Projects
      Maryam Mohamedpour Fateme Saghafi
      There is a large consensus among academics and practitioners that ICT investments should be carefully justified, measured and controlled. ICT investments have special characteristics such as; high risks, limited return of investment, large proportion of intangible/hidde More
      There is a large consensus among academics and practitioners that ICT investments should be carefully justified, measured and controlled. ICT investments have special characteristics such as; high risks, limited return of investment, large proportion of intangible/hidden costs and benefits. These characteristics are highlighted for ICT foresight projects. There are many papers for evaluating ICT projects with BSC (Balanced Score Card), but there is no work for evaluating IT foresight projects. This paper presents a framework for using balance score card for evaluating IT foresight projects. The result should be beneficial for researchers, managers, decision makers and investors. Manuscript profile
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      32 - Modeling and Implementing Supply Chain Management in Small and Medium Enterprises
      Hadi Heydari
      In the past decades, the cooperation of organizations was based on the short-term to gain maximum profit in a short time. Today, lots of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that has been established in Technology Parks wants to cooperate to have more profit in long term More
      In the past decades, the cooperation of organizations was based on the short-term to gain maximum profit in a short time. Today, lots of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that has been established in Technology Parks wants to cooperate to have more profit in long term relation. Nowadays, in order to produce a product or to present a service, different organizations should work together. Therefore, supply chain management is one of the best ways to have more profit, long-term relationship and to share the information between Small and Medium Enterprises. In this paper, we try to explain the history of supply chain management and the method of organizing and defining supply chain management and its main features. In addition, we will explain the efficient elements for organizing supply chain management and supply chain operating reference model. Moreover, based on an inspection from different text sources, different fields and the method of descriptive study, we will look at the result of supply chain management in SMEs that include: improvement of customer relationship, improvement of the time from order to the issue of invoices, improvement of physical material relation between suppliers and customers, improvement of the connections with the market, improvement of demand forecasting to meet the order and improvement the process of supply chain. Also, in this paper we will look at how to inplement supply chain management in SMEs. Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Planning, Supply, SCOR Model Manuscript profile
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      33 - Introduction of Foresight: A look into initial experience of Japan, Germany and Iran
      Omid Majd Rahim Abadi Afsoon Fahtollahi
      According to this fact that undoubtedly in this competitive and complex world foresight is unavoidable; this article is trying to not only showing the necessity and emergence of the foresight but also describe some conception and to highlight the difference of foresight More
      According to this fact that undoubtedly in this competitive and complex world foresight is unavoidable; this article is trying to not only showing the necessity and emergence of the foresight but also describe some conception and to highlight the difference of foresight and other similar concept like forecast. In this article the foresight will be also categorized concerning different perspective, as well as describing some common methods to performing foresight. Finally we will take a look into the first experience of the initial foresight projects in Japan and Germany and in contrary; we will discuss the initial experience of foresight projects in Iran. Manuscript profile
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      34 - Investigation of success factors of Knowledge-based Companies
      Hamid Mahdavi MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Mohsen Fathollah Bayati
      Nowadays the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) is undeniably pivotal and fundamental. Investigating on such enterprises will lead to knowledge based economy. Focus on this issue has been recently increased in our country, and the government is paying more atten More
      Nowadays the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) is undeniably pivotal and fundamental. Investigating on such enterprises will lead to knowledge based economy. Focus on this issue has been recently increased in our country, and the government is paying more attention to supportive organizations. With respect to the significant role of these newly-established organizations, studying the factors of their success is of great importance. In this research, and from the company managers points of view, the important factors that are considered to be effective in success of the organizations have been ranked with respect to their importance. This paper is presented in two parts; the first part deals with the success factors of technology-based companies and in the second part suggestions and solutions for eliminating development obstacles are provided. Manuscript profile
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      35 - A know-how on Commercializing Process Model for Chemical Products
      Sasan Sadraei Ahmad Mosaei
      The Know-how Commercialization is one of the most complicated issues that Research institute is facing nowadays. Difficulties and special structure of each of technologies have caused problems in commercialization processes. Lack of integration between the component of More
      The Know-how Commercialization is one of the most complicated issues that Research institute is facing nowadays. Difficulties and special structure of each of technologies have caused problems in commercialization processes. Lack of integration between the component of commercialization process and companys strategy may duplicate the difficulties. In this paper, a commercialization process framework for chemical products with emphasizing on RIPI strategy was developed in order to hold the system integrity. After all, a case study for a chemical product of RIPI, based on the framework will be delivered, and at last the results will be discussed. Manuscript profile
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      36 - Programs and Policies of Technology Diffusion in Turkey
      Naser Norozi Farhad Shah miri
      Technology diffusion is recognized as one of the most crucial premises and main key factors in success of development plans in developing countries. Technological innovation of a new idea or a new system is successful when is accepted and diffused on behalf of the socie More
      Technology diffusion is recognized as one of the most crucial premises and main key factors in success of development plans in developing countries. Technological innovation of a new idea or a new system is successful when is accepted and diffused on behalf of the society. In this paper, definition offered by OECD for technology diffusion is tented. Technology diffusion or the widespread adoption of technology by users other than the original innovator is recognized as necessary for the ability to generate income, economic growth and enhancing return to R&D costs. Manuscript profile
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      37 - The Autonomy of Technology, or Being Passive against Technological Attitude
      Mostafa Taghavi Yaser Khoshneviss
      Is technology autonomous? Answering to this question constitutes one of the main topics in the philosophy of technology. In this paper, we have considered this question in two contexts of development, and we have used use and three levels of abstraction containing techn More
      Is technology autonomous? Answering to this question constitutes one of the main topics in the philosophy of technology. In this paper, we have considered this question in two contexts of development, and we have used use and three levels of abstraction containing technology instances, the technological system, and the technological attitude. First, we discuss some of proponents of the autonomy of technologys arguments, especially Elluls ones, and then criticize some Pits arguments against Elluls cases. We think that Pits response is convincing about technology instances. In the case of technological system, his response is metaphysically sound, but sociologically, the question of the autonomy of technological system is reduced to the question of autonomy of technologists society; the question which has been not discussed here. However, we may ask ourselves what moves technologists to develop the technology? We think that this motivation is a consequence of The technological attitude, the attitude in which all things in the world are seen as something for humans utility. We will show that it can not be stated that the technological attitude is autonomous, and maintain that the right interpretation is not the autonomy of technology, rather is the humans passiveness in front of the technological attitude. Thus, we can formulate concern of thinkers such as Ellul and Heidegger about the domination of technology over the human as the passive-ness of human in front of the technological attitude. It can be granted that nowadays people are passive in front of this attitude toward the world, and pay less and less attention to other attitudes such as poetical, religious or even scientific ones. We have to think about strategies for dominating such a passive-ness. Manuscript profile
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      38 - Technology strategy and position based models
      Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan Afsoon Fahtollahi
      In the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the con More
      In the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the concepts of technology and technology strategy. Then it will categorize the different perspectives upon the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy, and then the most important one will be explained. Furthermore, after a brief explanation on technology strategy dimensions, the evolution of managerial approaches will be described. In this paper we have also introduced the characteristics of different approaches for developing technology strategy, especially by positioning based approach, and the well known models of positioning based approach for developing technology strategy are described. As a conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decisions and being product or process technology oriented Manuscript profile
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      39 - knowledge capital reporting in knowledge based enterprises using the ARC model
      Mausome Madah Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh
      In knowledge based economy, the most successful enterprises are the ones who efficiently utilize their intangible knowledge capital. It is also considering that the term "Knowledge based enterprises" refers to enterprises that use their knowledge capital in order to com More
      In knowledge based economy, the most successful enterprises are the ones who efficiently utilize their intangible knowledge capital. It is also considering that the term "Knowledge based enterprises" refers to enterprises that use their knowledge capital in order to compete against one another. In knowledge based view, profit is the result of commercialization of new ideas and innovations. In this respect, managers of knowledge based enterprises realize that their knowledge capital extent of their enterprises play a vital role in their business continuance. However, in practice managers usually are not aware of the value of knowledge capital or do not know how to measure it. Moreover, Knowledge capital analysis is not considered in the annual reports and balance sheets, leading complications for the managers to estimate its quantity and quality. It is also considering that the issue has also international importance in addition to its obvious internal significance. According to the latest studies, the major challenge that knowledge based enterprises (especially new born enterprises) face in the resent years has been the requirement to attract financial resources. Moreover, since most of the results and consequences of knowledge based enterprises are intangible knowledge outcomes, the requirement of communication with stakeholders and investors emphasizes the need of external knowledge capital reporting. In this respect, modeling and involving a good arrangement for reporting knowledge capital seems to be essential. The current paper includes a practical structure for reporting knowledge capital in knowledge based enterprises, using the ARC model Manuscript profile
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      40 - A review of concepts and quantitative methods in technology valuation
      Jalil Gharibi Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan
      So far, many methods and approaches are introduced and used for technology valuation. Some of these methods use complicated mathematical computations, named quantitative methods, to identify value of technology while qualitative methods are less based on these computati More
      So far, many methods and approaches are introduced and used for technology valuation. Some of these methods use complicated mathematical computations, named quantitative methods, to identify value of technology while qualitative methods are less based on these computations. This article is a review of concepts and methods in technology valuation, so explanation of qualitative methods such as econometric models, brainstorming or Delphi method is avoided. All of the contents are explained in two parts. The first part of the article talks about some primary concepts in technology valuation and the second one introduces the most important and well-known methods and analyses them to some extant, respectively. Manuscript profile
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      41 - Promotion of Management Potentials of Pre-incubation seeds and Tenants in Incubators by Applying Suitable Management Style
      MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Mohsen Fathollah Bayati
      Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This pro More
      Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This problem is even more extreme about the tenants in incubators and preincubator stage seeds, because companies and seed firms in incubators are truly vulnerable against mismanagement, and this problem would cause failure more than any other time. Taking nice management style during preincubation and incubation period, not only prevents from death of the company, but also increase probability of success, because the success of organization is depend on their successful passage from different levels and stages. In this paper, the types of management styles and mismanagement are carefully dealt with, and regarding position of the pre-incubation seeds and tenants in incubators over the life cycle of the organizations, different types of management including improper styles which can affect the organization trend of management are introduced also for a successful passage from pre-incubation to incubation regarding the management style of organization in pre-incubation, we suggested a management style effective for organization during the incubation period. Manuscript profile
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      42 - Approaches for Technology Assessment and Selection for Developing Countries- A ToT Model
      Nawar Khan M Akhtar
      Transfer of technology plays a pivotal role in the industrialization of developing countries. The challenge faced by these countries is the non-avail of Transfer of Technology (ToT) model that can depict the technology transfer process by involving the internal and exte More
      Transfer of technology plays a pivotal role in the industrialization of developing countries. The challenge faced by these countries is the non-avail of Transfer of Technology (ToT) model that can depict the technology transfer process by involving the internal and external factors. As the technology assessment and selection is the main process in ToT, so this paper focuses on this area and propose two approaches for development of a ToT model. Also existing analytical approaches to technology evaluation and selection, such as engineering-economic analysis, cost benefit analysis and optimization techniques have limited applicability due to imprecise and non-quantifiable evaluation of variable and factors. This paper proposes approaches to assess technology on both quantitative and qualitative bases simultaneously, involving all internal and external factors (forces) that affect the entire ToT process. Manuscript profile
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      43 - Design of Opportunities Selection Model and their Commercialization in R&D Centres
      Ahmad Mosaei
      Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merel More
      Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merely competitive advantage and only organizations could be sustainable that have installed R&D. Hence this paper aim to develop a directive model for R&D centers in Iran to improve efficiency and effectiveness of such centers. Through Step by step executing of such model, R&D organization could be certain that each of their ideas (if being opportunity) will locate in a directive and default road to arrive the market. This will lead to a clear position to research plan in the R&D organization. The important characteristic of the model is that Market research, marketing, and commercialization are some of the stages of that which lead to inhibit of accumulation of no applicable knowledge in R&D organization. Manuscript profile
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      44 - Technology Strategy and Resource Base Approach
      Omid Majd Rahim Abadi Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan
      This article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different per More
      This article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different perspectives upon this issue, and then two important perspectives will be explained. Following, the charactristics of different approaches for developing techgnology strategy, especially resource base approach, are introduced and the well known models of resource base approach for developing technology strategy are described. As the conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decision and product/process technology oriented. Manuscript profile
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      45 - Policies and Programs for Development of Science and Technology in Todays China
      Fereydoon Verdi nejad
      There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the gov More
      There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the government strategies, the Chinese economy had a good and controlled acceleration and improvement. After two decades of reform, in spite of important plans and policies in developing private sector, there is still some monopoly applied by the commonest party, and the education, Research and development plans still are under government control. China government has succeeded in absorbing huge amount of investment with the help of high technologies, foreign management, adjusting laws and regulations, applying incentive policies, using know-how and offering special facilities. From a pragmatic point of view, to achieve these goals in china, some projects and plans has been done such as special economic zones, developing science and technology parks and special training and research projects. In this paper we investigate the fact that how can we customize these experiences and ideas in economic development in Iran. Manuscript profile
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      46 - Determining Criteria and Indicators for Architecture Design of Iranian Science & Technology Parks; With a View to World Experiences
      Saeed Samadi Mahdi Taherzadeh
      Technology parks were formed in 1960s as social foundations and as a part of the chain in knowledge - based development. From 1980s, the policy-makers pointed out to a sustainable development based on the technology infrastructure. Development of technology parks was pr More
      Technology parks were formed in 1960s as social foundations and as a part of the chain in knowledge - based development. From 1980s, the policy-makers pointed out to a sustainable development based on the technology infrastructure. Development of technology parks was promoted as part of this trend. As a result, there are currently more than 1500 STPs around the world. The development of STPs in Iran began since two decades ago and resulted in establishing a number of these parks. In some cases, challenges of allocating spaces, ambiguties in policies, poor funding, lack of rules and regulations, and bad strategic plannings have caused that some of theses parks are not successful in their goals and objectives. Sustainable master planning concepts for science & technology park sites prepares a way for sustainable design of research facilities. For the ultimate success research facility design it is critical that early master planning principles facilitate as many passive and sustainable techniques as possible. By using these techniques for science parks, the designers and science park managers will help to reduce costs, conserve resources, and reduce life cycle costs at the first stage, while providing a higher quality research environment. By reducing waste and planning for conservation of materials, the design team intends to improve the entire design and to build user processes. The outcomes show the reduction use of lands resources, and to reach a higher quality, more research productive facility and more money to devote to the core business of research. In this article, which is organized based on a descriptive analysis method, and an in-depth review on experiences from Australia and USA, we have attempted to analyse the master plan of those parks to evaluate the architecture considered to next figure out a proper trend relevant basis for development of STPs in Iran. In this view, essential factors such as scale, development process, accommodation and locality trend, space, are thoroughly assessed. Finally a case study was performed that investigates the master plan of KSTP from the point of view of regulations, specifications and key factors towards the success. Results obtained from this study can yield a framework for architecture and plan of STPs. It could also draw a bright outlook in the field to level the efficiency of STPs and draw a way toward the goals of policy- makers and STP managers. Manuscript profile
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      47 - Performance Assessment of Incubators and Science Parks by Technology Level Index
      MOrteza Rasti bozorgi hamid Mahdavi Ghasem Moslehi
      Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is More
      Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is based on changing the scope of performance of several indicators to fixed scales (metrics), weighing them and combining them. Strategic evaluation is basically consists of three basic activities which are investigating the principles of the companies or organizations strategies, comparing the ideal and real results and making improvements. This paper focuses on the second part to make sure that the performance adjusts correctly with the planning programs. This paper is going to introduce an index for measuring and assessing the level of technology improvement in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTTs) Incubator and Science Park. It also addresses the methodology used for these calculations. Measuring the indicators for ISTTs incubator will be discussed at the final part of this paper as a case study. Manuscript profile
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      48 - Modeling an Urban Incubator for Tehran City
      Mehdi Kanuani
      One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So More
      One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So in most countries, various laws & facilities have been developed for supporting them. In our country, the capital city “Tehran” is the largest city in the country and developing an Urban Incubator in Tehran will play the role of a pilot plan for the other cities. Then this article by analyzing available trends and models in other cities, intends to make a model for supporting SMEs in Tehran city by Urban Incubators and its infrastructure and sub-structures. Manuscript profile
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      49 - A Development Bank for Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran (SME bank of IRAN)
      Mohammad reza Edraki
      Financial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But More
      Financial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But development and formation new technical institutions in financial and advisory services lines from SMEs still seems to be necessary. SME Bank of Iran is one of these new and necessary institutes which can be effective as a Development Financial Institution to initiate SMEs businesses, and responding to their special necessity. This Bank as a financial institute and through related financial and advisory proceses can help for financial supports and necessary supplement helps of SMEs. Advisory services in SME Bank of Iran, absolutely, must be presented in an integrated form for financial supports and venture creation. Manuscript profile
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      50 - A Study about Registration Level of Patent Offices in European Union, U.S.A and Iran
      Shima sadat Hashemi
      PATENT - the inventor`s right to use and exploit out of his thought and invention - is an economic right; i.e. it can be bought and sold. Since it is an intangible right and we have no physical possession on it. Since the inventor is the only and the first person who mu More
      PATENT - the inventor`s right to use and exploit out of his thought and invention - is an economic right; i.e. it can be bought and sold. Since it is an intangible right and we have no physical possession on it. Since the inventor is the only and the first person who must benefit from his invention and prevent others from copying, the best way for protecting the inventor against competitors who wants to imitate the inventor`s invention is to register the invention in a governmental organization and give the actual inventor a PATENT. So patenting an invention - and other intangible properties - has an important role to prove property rights on it. The aim of this paper is to affiliate the inventors with patent offices, the steps of patenting, and the necessity of patenting their invention for protecting against competitors. More over, this paper aims to have a study about some patent registration systems in some countries including Iran. Manuscript profile
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      51 - A Framework for Supporting the Creation and Development of SMEs
      Ehsan yzdani rad Mausome Madah Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh
      Today, supporting & development of SMEs is one of major priorities of each countrys developing plans. Although these enterprises need less investment but have more outputs and play a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & increasing share of countrys exports. SMEs p More
      Today, supporting & development of SMEs is one of major priorities of each countrys developing plans. Although these enterprises need less investment but have more outputs and play a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & increasing share of countrys exports. SMEs play as a motor of growth in the countries in knowledge based economy era. So in most countries, various laws & facilities has been developed for supporting SMEs. In our country, supporting the development of SMEs have a special position in countrys development plans and article 21 and article 39 have a direct refer to support the development of SMEs. In this way, government has to design and implement special supportive plans for SMEs. But until now, there is no complete, efficient & effective model to support SMEs in the country. Thus, this paper by focusing in this challenge, tries to introduce a framework to present a support plan for SMEs. This article has a whole literature review on SMEs and beside the quantitative definition of SMEs, introduces qualitative definition of them. Then in this paper we analyze available trends and models in context of planning and developing processes for SMEs, and recognize factors which affect this process and on the base of the best practices of EU for SMEs, introduce a functional framework for planning, supporting & development of SMEs. Manuscript profile
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      52 - The Role of Government and Public Sector on Local Development of Innovation
      Feredric Bogren Alireza Ayatollahi
      In scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technol More
      In scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technological innovation and effect of geographic proximity of industries and research centers at national, regional and urban levels. In other words this paper focuses on this question that “Does this proximity helps the growth of innovation and technology. There are many questions about national development. For example Does geographic proximity of industries help innovation and technology growth?, Does this matter accelerate national development or vice versa? will ICT, telecommunication and transportation decrease the cost and problem of industries and their expertise? Or is it cause of centralization in policy and reduction of country and urban logistic effects? This paper also discusses about technology incubators in central region of France and technology transfer between them and a science and research network in order to facilitate technology transfer. Manuscript profile
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      53 - Proposing a Model to Recognize Dimensions and Measure the Absorption Capacity A Case Study of Nanotechnology in Iran
      Hosein Gholizadeh Alireza Moeini Ali Bonyadi Naeini Mehdi Mohammadi
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.007
      In this research some of impressive indices of absorption capacity are specified. In addition the most effective indices in creation of value from foreign technology and using probable opportunities are identified. Literature review, expert opinion considering and growi More
      In this research some of impressive indices of absorption capacity are specified. In addition the most effective indices in creation of value from foreign technology and using probable opportunities are identified. Literature review, expert opinion considering and growing ideas theorem leads us to a classification for absorption capacity dimensions and finally with a gradual correction, a conceptual model is developed. Based upon basic model, a questionnaire designed with 29 questions and 600 of them distributed in target society. 267 questionnaires returned and the results with Exploratory Function Analysis (EFA) surveyed. In the first step, results showed that there are 9 fundamental factors which consist of 29 main elements and 1 fundamental factor added by using the model which designed with literature review. In the second step, 10 elements of first step had been included in 5 factors. Structural model of equations considered for both two steps. Outcomes confirm the first extracted model. The most important factors specified, are respectively: Maintenance 0.84, Exploring 0.55, interactional competence 0.46, internal capacities 0.35 and evolution 0.21. All of these factors could be an underlay for strategies decisions of Iran. Manuscript profile
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      54 - Science and Technology Roadmaps
      Ronald Kostouf Mohammadreza Mirza amini Hamid Aliakbar zadeh
      Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology, and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increa More
      Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology, and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increasingly complex and uncertain environments. Specific uses of roadmaps include: S&T management including strategy, planning, executing, reviewing, and transitioning; S&T marketing; enhancing communications among researchers, technologists, product managers, suppliers, users, and other stakeholders; identifying gaps and opportunities in S&T programs; and identifying obstacles to rapid and low-cost product development. S&T managers also use roadmaps to help identify those S&T areas that have high potential promise, and to accelerate the transfer of the S&T to eventual products. However, there has been little attention paid to the practice of roadmapping in the published literature. This paper is a first attempt to bring some common definition to roadmapping practices and display the underlying unity of seemingly fragmented roadmap approaches. The paper begins with generic roadmap definitions, including a taxonomy of roadmaps that attempts to better classify and unify the broad spectrum of roadmap objectives and uses. Characteristics of retrospective and prospective roadmaps are then identified and analyzed, as well as summary characteristics of bibliometric-based S&T mapping techniques. The roadmap construction process, including fundamental principles for constructing high quality roadmaps, is presented in detail. Manuscript profile
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      55 - Benchmarking the Design and Implement Approaches for Knowledge Management
      Mohammadreza Hamidi zadeh
      To reach bright diagnosis from others, experiences and alternatives is not only the way to familiar with guidelines of future plans, but although it is a fine policy to learn from doing, processes, methods and techniques along with weaknesses and strengths coming from d More
      To reach bright diagnosis from others, experiences and alternatives is not only the way to familiar with guidelines of future plans, but although it is a fine policy to learn from doing, processes, methods and techniques along with weaknesses and strengths coming from design and implement K.M. The papers objective is to show how to gather and represent K.Ms firm & how to use them for K.M.S. Different paradigms to be used to analysis K.M. based on benchmarking because utilizing them for Iranians firm is very important theme. The outlines of the paper based on strategic priorities and management commitment by survey different cases to catch fine intuition from individual K. and org.K. . K.M. principles, implement alternatives, gather, present, disseminate and measure KM, K. Environment explanation for formatting K. types and sources. The papers approaches extended on benching firms procedures about them. Manuscript profile
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      56 - Incubator or Science and Technology Park? Public or Private?
      Seyed jalal Mosavi bazargani
      Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has b More
      Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has been used to differentiate clients of S & T Parks from Incubators. Also a Typology of four different institutional setting, namely Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Deutsch & frenched has been proposed by means of which it is possible to bench and select among different funding & operating policies. Based on these classifications, It has been concluded that on the contrary with the current trend of establishing incubators in Iran, focus on Science & Technology Parks could be a more promising option. Difficulties in changing focus from Incubators to Parks is also discussed. Manuscript profile
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      57 - Capability Evaluation of STPs via Hybrid Heuristic Techniques
      Masuod Rashidi nejad Zohreh Sharif zadeh kermani
      This paper proposes a generic technique for the evaluation and comparison of the capability of STPs as decision- making aid. The major issue in this area is conducted by comparing and evaluating success factors and the risks associated with each STPs . In this regards d More
      This paper proposes a generic technique for the evaluation and comparison of the capability of STPs as decision- making aid. The major issue in this area is conducted by comparing and evaluating success factors and the risks associated with each STPs . In this regards decision- making modeling concepts are based on the identification of capability factors and finding mathematical modeling techniques. Manuscript profile
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      58 - Classification of Iranian Science and Technology Parks Based on the IT Facilities
      Seyed Mahbod Tolaei Fataneh Taghi yareh
      Today we are witnessing a fast movement from traditional economy towards knowledge- based digital economy as a result of breathtaking IT revolution. So science and technology parks, as one of the most important factors in economic growth and regional development, should More
      Today we are witnessing a fast movement from traditional economy towards knowledge- based digital economy as a result of breathtaking IT revolution. So science and technology parks, as one of the most important factors in economic growth and regional development, should be frontier in using IT facilities to help their tenants compete with other companies. Furthermore, because of diversity of the science parks in form and function, the academic literature about their classification is sparse and most of the exiting taxonomies can not be applied to all countries science parks. In this paper, we are going to classify science parks based on the IT facilities they provide for their tenants, and then we will apply it on Iranian science parks. Manuscript profile
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      59 - The Role of Science & Technology Parks for Technology Development in the Industry of Iran
      Farideh Poursoleymanian
      Most developed countries have achieved knowledge- based economic development. This model of development must also be attained in Iran gradually, in the two decades to come. Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are one of the most important elements in the national innova More
      Most developed countries have achieved knowledge- based economic development. This model of development must also be attained in Iran gradually, in the two decades to come. Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are one of the most important elements in the national innovation system (NIS). Thus there is high intention for establishing and extending STPs in our country according to the new development plans. In this article the role of science & technology parks for developing technology and improving productively will be discussed from theoretical aspect. Some of the most important approaches for commercialization of research results in the world wide also be reviewed. Then some activities of the ministry of energy for completing the cycle and commercialization of research results will be described as a case study. Finally some solutions for technology development will be suggested by enhancing the cooperation among the industries with science & technology parks. Manuscript profile
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      60 - Technomart, the Missing Link in Knowledg- based Economy
      Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdooz Seyed reza Hoseini
      Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating More
      Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges. Science & Technology Parks (STPs) have been founded in order to lesson the mismatch between university researches and its turning into technology. However the process of Technology commercial development witch in turn includes 5 sub- process (generation, transfer, attraction and domestication, distribution and documentation) is still inharmoniously and incompletely going on A stale- of the- art structure facilitating technology exchange, and extremely facilitates the connection between technology resources and users. This paper is portraying the techno mart as one of the vital structures in developing and commercializing the technology and fields of its services and then examining the typology of its relationship with science & technology parks, universities and research institutes. Manuscript profile
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      61 - Soft Technology and Forth Generation of Technology Foresight
      Mohammadreza Mirza amini Zhiuoeing Jin
      This article elaborates earlier arguments about the practical and intellectual value of soft technology by showing how the enlightened application of that concept in the field of technology foresight (or technological forecasting) would improve the effectiveness of the More
      This article elaborates earlier arguments about the practical and intellectual value of soft technology by showing how the enlightened application of that concept in the field of technology foresight (or technological forecasting) would improve the effectiveness of the field. It also shows how the evolution of technology foresight as a profession and academic field has, in its own way, facilitated the development of soft technology. It also argues that technology foresight techniques are themselves an example of soft technology. Manuscript profile
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      62 - Iranian Intellectual Property System
      Mahdi Godarzi Seyed Kamran Bagheri
      This paper is based on a research to evaluate the Iranian Intellectual Property System (IIPS) and its role in technology development at national level. First, the major functions of IIPS and its transactions with the Iranian National Innovation System (NIS) are examined More
      This paper is based on a research to evaluate the Iranian Intellectual Property System (IIPS) and its role in technology development at national level. First, the major functions of IIPS and its transactions with the Iranian National Innovation System (NIS) are examined. Then, IIPS is benchmarked against the IP systems in Japan, South Korea and China. Finally, a set of policy recommendations is suggested for the effectively improvement of IIPS and national Technology Policymaking in Iran. Manuscript profile
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      63 - Incubators Performance Measurement by means of Balanced Scorecard
      Sara Safari Mausome Madah
      ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubato More
      ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubators; this resulted in establishment of more than 40 incubators, with technical fields of activity, in Iran. One of the outstanding subjects regarding these incubators, with more than five years of activity, is that there has not yet been any studies and researches on incubators performance measurement, therefore this makes the judgment on effectiveness of performances quite complicated and difficult. In this paper, we have tried to provide a method which is adaptable with the features of these incubators for management and evaluation of them. The model used in this article is the "Balanced Scorecard"(BSC). By considering and focusing on different aspects of this model which are: Finance, Tenants(customers), Processes for service delivering in incubators and Growth and Development, first the effective indices for performance measurement were specified, then by means of TOPSIS method, a method for incubators -as non-profit governmental organizationsmeasurement was introduced. Manuscript profile
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      64 - Strategic Policy Intelligence
      Mohammadreza Mirza amini
      In the present information age, methodologies that help structure, combine and interpret information are getting more and more importance as decision support tools. Techniques like Technology Forecasting, Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight are used in order More
      In the present information age, methodologies that help structure, combine and interpret information are getting more and more importance as decision support tools. Techniques like Technology Forecasting, Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight are used in order to generate knowledge about current technological developments and derive possible future trajectories. The present report regards these three techniques within the perspective of Strategic Intelligence, which focuses on their role as instruments supporting decision-making processes. The general introduction on the field of Strategic Intelligence in chapter one reveals the general role of Strategic Intelligence in technology-related decision-making processes. Then summarize the main contents of the three individual reports on Technology Forecast,Technology Assessment and Technology Foresight. By focusing on the decision-maker, each report provides an overview of the characteristics and current state of the art, shows their main strengths, and identifies overlaps and synergies. Finally, presents a concluding critique of Strategic Intelligence and reveals how these three techniques could be used for obtaining a complete picture of possible technological developments. Manuscript profile
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      65 - : Keys to a Successful Business Plan
      Nazanin Zeyd
      Aprospective business owner as well as those already in business needs to develop a written plan. Written plans provide a management tool for determining specific strengths and weakness of an idea, documenting reasonable objectives and identifying resources to attain th More
      Aprospective business owner as well as those already in business needs to develop a written plan. Written plans provide a management tool for determining specific strengths and weakness of an idea, documenting reasonable objectives and identifying resources to attain them. A written plan will also provide the basis for developing a more detailed business operating plan. Even though the risk of going into business cannot be eliminated, a good plan will help reduce the risk Manuscript profile
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      66 - An Introduction to Knowing Technology Patents
      Nader Nik naam
      According to patent laws, an invention to be granted as patent needs various factors such as novelty, non obviousness and industrial applicability. Meanwhile, in nanotechnology we have faced with very small dimensions. Although dimensions so decreasing in Nanotechnology More
      According to patent laws, an invention to be granted as patent needs various factors such as novelty, non obviousness and industrial applicability. Meanwhile, in nanotechnology we have faced with very small dimensions. Although dimensions so decreasing in Nanotechnology, it dose not mean that new invention will be occurred by falling the scales. Since Nanotechnology is a novel filed of science and technology, its Patent granting process there are some new problems. In this paper discussed about patents and ways of avoiding its difficulties in nanotechnology. Manuscript profile
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      67 - Technology Assessment, Pros and Cons
      Decision making on wise investment on Science and Technology plays a vital role in developing countries, which owing to restricted resources from one hand, and high expenses on Research and Development, from the other, makes it of prime importance. Thus, Technology Asse More
      Decision making on wise investment on Science and Technology plays a vital role in developing countries, which owing to restricted resources from one hand, and high expenses on Research and Development, from the other, makes it of prime importance. Thus, Technology Assessment has attracted most attentions and a new look as a tool in decision making among the policy makers. Assessment of new Technologies, namely Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Information Technology is based on new methods. These methods are derived from other scientific disciplines and ust, therefore, be modified in order to be operational. In this article, a review on Technology Assessment schemes is presented. Road mapping as an appropriate tool for Technology assessment of new technologies is then introduced and evaluated. Manuscript profile
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      68 - Entrepreneur Universities, National Innovative System and Knowledge-based Development.
      Mehdi Fateh rad Hamidreza Taghiyari
      nowledge-based development as the key element of the countrys 20- year National Vision as well as the fourth Development Plan requires National innovation system (NIS) to facilitate innovations in both macro and micro social levels. The NIS system emerges as functions b More
      nowledge-based development as the key element of the countrys 20- year National Vision as well as the fourth Development Plan requires National innovation system (NIS) to facilitate innovations in both macro and micro social levels. The NIS system emerges as functions based on entrepreneur university as the third generation university to succeed. Therefore, alongside education and research, undergoing big changes of traditional universities and accepting economical development, brings about the conductivity of technological innovations especially in high tech environments. This, in turn, strengthens the NIS foundations providing a proper platform for knowledge-based development. This has many positive and successful examples worldwide regardless of culture or boudndaries. The paper deals with different aspects of this subject. Manuscript profile
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      69 - The Evaluation Criteria for Tenants of Incubator
      Fazlollah Adib nia Mohammad reza Hoseini
      The main job for incubators is to assist start up businesses become successful and grown companies in order to reach them to a level to pay back the expenses spent for their supports and services. Thus, it is essentially important for each incubator to have good evaluat More
      The main job for incubators is to assist start up businesses become successful and grown companies in order to reach them to a level to pay back the expenses spent for their supports and services. Thus, it is essentially important for each incubator to have good evaluation criteria, to increase success and also to find the best tenants. In this paper, the model for evaluation is presented and quantified according to the three categories of general (with 11 indicators), specialized (10 indicators) and economical criteria (with 6 indicators). The time intervals for evaluations are for 3 years with four quarters yearly. The data used are obtained from selfclaim, in the face to face meetings and also by data collection from different sources. The proper implementation of the data obtained and interaction between the companies will have a key effect on the success of the companies as well as the incubators. The paper summarizes the three year experiences of evaluating IT&ICT incubator tenants in the city of Yazd. Manuscript profile
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      70 - Technology Development, Technology Cycle and Creation of Sustainable Economical Value
      Gholamreza Malekzadeh
      Technology development as a major and vital strategy for sustainable development and knowledge-based economy is an inevitable fact which must be studied from various aspects and the benefits of its different approaches also be considered. The paper discusses the concept More
      Technology development as a major and vital strategy for sustainable development and knowledge-based economy is an inevitable fact which must be studied from various aspects and the benefits of its different approaches also be considered. The paper discusses the concepts of technology development, technology transfer, technology cycle as well as the industrial ecosystems required for their proper utilization. Considering and using the concept of technology cycle in technological processes within a proper environment can create sustainable economical value and facilitate the TBF & TNBF activities. The reasons why technology cycle in a proper environment can make sustainable economical value through models of innovation enhancement, promotion of research investment, increasing the technological training capacity and extending research institutions are also discussed and studied. Manuscript profile
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      71 - Investigating and evaluating of different incubators models
      Iman Mohammadian Khorasani Habibollah Asghari
      ncubators assist emerging ventures by providing support services and assistance in developing their business. We map business incubators into four categories: Business Innovation Centers (BICs), University Business Incubators (UBIs), Independent Private Incubators (IPIs More
      ncubators assist emerging ventures by providing support services and assistance in developing their business. We map business incubators into four categories: Business Innovation Centers (BICs), University Business Incubators (UBIs), Independent Private Incubators (IPIs) and Corporate Private Incubators (CPIs). We then argue that the variety of incubating organization is driven by the evolution of companies, requirements and needs, which encourage incubators to differentiate the range of services that they offer. We believe that differences in the way incubators run their business can be described by two main incubating models (model 1 and model 2), providing incubators with useful indications on how to position themselves strategically. We identify a list of incubator "characterizing" variable to highlight the main differences between the four types of incubators and to describe the incubating models. Manuscript profile
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      72 - An Introduction to Human Forces Leadership with Emphasis on Cooperative Management
      Seyed reza Alavi
      abstract not found
      abstract not found Manuscript profile
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      73 - Technological Synergy: Resources Development model in Developing Countries
      Mausome Madah Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh
      One of the challenges that most of the governments encounter nowadays, is the category of using the resources for development, in particular, the human resource category. This problem with its multilateral infects, even in industrial and developed countreis, is consider More
      One of the challenges that most of the governments encounter nowadays, is the category of using the resources for development, in particular, the human resource category. This problem with its multilateral infects, even in industrial and developed countreis, is considered as a norm to measure the capabilities of these governments in economical development and an index for specifying social management power. By considering the high amount of humaresource and the specific socio-economical situations in recent years in developing countries, especially Iran, this subject has been chosen as a considerable topic. Now, by considering the need towards job creation and using the humaresource, the trends and solutions suggested are of great importance. This arthicle is an effort, made to develop a specific point of view and approach under the topic of “Technological Synergy” with the objective of designing and expanding the development and composition of resources in develpoing countries. In this method two resources of investment -venture capital and Incubator- are used to describe the above mentioned model. This trend has been described in the three following sectors: Section one is included of concepts, selecting and clarifying the chosen approach along with the use and composition of resources. Section two is included of concepts and characteristics of incubators and VCs as the resources used in the model, and finally in part three as a conclusion the ways of interraction and technologyical synergy model of incubators and VCs has been reviewed. Manuscript profile
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      74 - The relationship between virtual companies and Information Technology with risk management and their interactive impact on each other
      Iman Mohammadian Khorasani Reza Saniei
      In the present world of business, Information Technology, as a modern technology, plays an essential role. On one hand , because of this essential role and the existence of large resources, the user organizations of this technology are faced with high level of risk, and More
      In the present world of business, Information Technology, as a modern technology, plays an essential role. On one hand , because of this essential role and the existence of large resources, the user organizations of this technology are faced with high level of risk, and on the other hand the rapid changes of technology and business environment; these factors, together, clarify the necessity of using effective and comprehensive risk management in the field of Information Technology. By conducting a general study over the identity of Information Technology and its related risks, in this article its been tried to provide and introduce a suitable framework for risk management in addition with IT use as a useful tool in the field of risk management. Manuscript profile
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      75 - Technology Management by means of Technology Gradient
      abstract not found
      abstract not found Manuscript profile
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      76 - Quality Management by Technology Incubators
      Mohammad Saleh Oliua
      Abstract not found
      Abstract not found Manuscript profile
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      77 - Research & Development in Entrepreneurial Organizations
      Jalil Samad Aghaei
      abstract not found
      abstract not found Manuscript profile
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      78 - Selecting Enterprise Resource Planning System Using of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
      To select an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP pro More
      To select an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP project. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method to evaluate the alternatives of ERP system. The selection criteria of ERP system are numerous and fuzzy, so how to select an adequate ERP system is crucial in the early phase of an ERP project. The framework decomposes ERP system selection into four main factors. The goal of this paper is to select the best alternative that meets the requirements with respect to “product factors”, “system factors”, “management factors” and “vendor factors”. The sub-attributes (sub-factors) related to ERP selection have been classified into thirteen main categories. These criteria and factors are weighted and prioritized and finally a framework is provided for ERP selection with the fuzzy AHP method. Also, a real case study from PARDIS-LO Company is presented. Manuscript profile
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      79 - the role of crowdfunding to financing capital for startups Entrepreneur
      financing capital for startups, always had been propounded as one of the challenges for entrepreneurs. On the other hand, because of the risk of venture capital investment, financial institutions and banks often show less willing to invest in this activity. By developi More
      financing capital for startups, always had been propounded as one of the challenges for entrepreneurs. On the other hand, because of the risk of venture capital investment, financial institutions and banks often show less willing to invest in this activity. By developing Internet and social networks, limitation in communications have been removed and new concepts such as networking and utilization of crowdfunding has been raised. This paper introduces a new method of collective investment fund over the Internet to exploit social capital rather than bank loans, business angels and venture capital. Due to the lack of scientific research in this field, by using inductive method we discuss about the crowdfunding phenomenon concept, development of literature in this field, goals and motivations of the participants, expressing the models, potential, obstacles and limitations of the crowdfunfing. The results indicate that the rate of this concept in the world especially in developing countries has been increasing, and this model can be operated by providing cultural, technological, legal and social contexts. Manuscript profile
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      80 - The role of Entrepreneurship development on promoting labor productivity : A comparative perspective of the developing and developed countries
      Alireza Amini Seyed Arash Valinia Uoness Salmani Zahra Ansari
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.007
      Improvement of labor productivity is one of the main objectives of the economic firms. Consequently, identification of the factors that affect the productivity was significantly considered by the economists. Entreprenership is one of the factors that affect the labor fo More
      Improvement of labor productivity is one of the main objectives of the economic firms. Consequently, identification of the factors that affect the productivity was significantly considered by the economists. Entreprenership is one of the factors that affect the labor force productivity. Overall, entrepreneurship prepares the ground for efficient application of new technologies in the society. Moroever, entrepreneurship turns the knowledge and technologies to new goods and services and increases the labor productivity. The current study investigates the effects of development of entrepreneurship on improvement of labor force productivity in developed and developing countries using GLS regression. The results show that in both groups of countries, human capital has an equal effect on improvement of productivity. However, the effect of per capita physical capital on labor productivity is significantly different in developed and developing countries. It is worth noting that GEDI, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial activities indices have significant and positive effect on improvement of labor force productivity in both developing and developed countries. However, the effect of entrepreneurial aspirations on improvement of labor productivity is posititve and insignificant. The results of the current study show that the coefficient of entrepreneurial attitudes and activities in developing countries is less effective on labor productivity compared to developed countries. Manuscript profile
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      81 - Examining Effects of Quality of Work Life on Forming Knowledge-Sharing Behaviors in a Communication Research Center in Iran
      Seyed Mahdi Hoseini Sarkhosh Peyman Akhavan Mohsen Garmabdary
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.007
      K nowledge sharing is a key ability to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in today’s turbulent environments. Effective knowledge sharing among employees may considerably influence organizational performance of organizations. Therefore, this study intends to exam More
      K nowledge sharing is a key ability to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in today’s turbulent environments. Effective knowledge sharing among employees may considerably influence organizational performance of organizations. Therefore, this study intends to examine impacts of quality of work life on forming knowledge-sharing behavior in a research center in Iran. This is a descriptive research and an applied research from objective perspective and a survey due to data gathering method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze research hypotheses. A questionnaire was developed for measuring quality of work life, knowledge-sharing attitude, intention, and behavior based on prior research and distributed in target population. An analysis of 317 completed and valid questionnaires showed that quality of work life has a positive significant effect on knowledge-sharing attitude and behavior in studied organization. In addition, attitude toward knowledge sharing can enhance the tension toward knowledge sharing which in turn can improve real knowledge-sharing behaviors. Moreover, research findings indicated that among quality of work life dimensions, constitutionalism in work is the most influential factor of knowledge sharing. Finally, according to research findings, practical implications for managers and knowledge management practitioners as well as suggestions for future research to fill the research gap are proposed. Manuscript profile
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      82 - Using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) a Mechanism for Management of Perishable Products Supply Chain
      Fatemeh  Zabihi Morteza  Khakzar Bafrue
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.002
      Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), a leading technology could be useful for reducing the supply chain food. The RFID can be effective with receiving product information and reducing costs. The greatest challenges are the supply chain management of perishable goods, More
      Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), a leading technology could be useful for reducing the supply chain food. The RFID can be effective with receiving product information and reducing costs. The greatest challenges are the supply chain management of perishable goods, especially the food. Variation in the number of goods, tracking and follow-up the flow of goods throughout the supply chain, low life expectancy, high volume products requiring temperature control in the supply chain is some of the challenges. The risk of food at each stage of the supply chain of food can occur, resulting in the definition of management to obtain information, ingredients, date of production (sales, consumption), etc., and provide it in a transparent manner to provide supply chain suppliers and consumers is necessary. One of the best possible solutions is using of RFID that help the supply chain management in perishable goods logistics. This paper examines the business model of the financial implementation of RFID in tracking food. To clarify the subject, a case study RFID system using in Taiwan welfare chain stores has been providing. In this case by introducing two upgrade projects 4 and 6 years old, profit and costs associated with the implementation of RFID for manufacturers, distributors and retailers in the supply chain of convenience stores have been analyzed. Manuscript profile
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      83 - Measuring of Technology and Innovation Index in Iran Compared with other Countries
      Saeed KiyanPour Alireza Salehi
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.008
      S tudies show that activities related to technology development and innovation are the main factors of economic growth. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Global Innovation Index (GII) and technology achievement index (TAI) and to evaluate Iran in these in More
      S tudies show that activities related to technology development and innovation are the main factors of economic growth. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Global Innovation Index (GII) and technology achievement index (TAI) and to evaluate Iran in these indicators. Our country has earned 120 through GII ranking in 2014. Previous studies reported of global innovation index show that our country has not been able to improve its position. Global Innovation Index is made up of 21 main variables that our country in the variable of higher education, research and development, knowledge creation and public infrastructure is better than other variables. It earned the lowest score In variables of political environment, experience and competitive, knowledge dissemination and knowledge in comparison with other variables. It means our country has good position in Input Components especially in high education but in Components of output has not good condition. Another indicator is access to technology; this index includes the creation of new technologies, release new innovations, diffusion of old innovations and human skills that in this indicator are member of intermediate these countries. Studying Composite indicators show that policymakers should pay more attention to improve innovations until creation results of research and innovation for community. Manuscript profile
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      84 - Assess an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) Applying by the Success of DeLone & McLean’s Model; Case Study: id IKCO
      Anahita  Safajoo Mahdi  Rezaei Khatir Sajjad  Shokohyar
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.001
      In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment which is rapidly changing, the development and deployment of modern information systems have received much attention by managers. The use of such systems has left a significant impact on facilitating the management More
      In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment which is rapidly changing, the development and deployment of modern information systems have received much attention by managers. The use of such systems has left a significant impact on facilitating the management process. Thus, by providing the means of information production, process and distribution among different levels of management, managers have been enabled to monitor the flow of information in their organizations, relying on more knowledge to apply more determined and technical management. To achieve this goal, information systems have been paid due attention while organizations invest heavily in developing information systems. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the success of information systems in order to understand their value and efficiency and justify the huge amount of investment made in the development of such systems. The present study was aimed at evaluating the success of information systems (Enterprise Resource Planning) in Iran Khodro Company using Delone and MacLean model. A questionnaire was designed based on six criteria including the quality of information, the quality of system, the quality of service, user satisfaction, the use of system and individual impact. The statistical society of research of 25000 people including managers, experts and employees in Iran Khodro car manufacturing company.379 samples were the required sample size, determined from the formula .The research in terms of objective is an applied research and in terms of methodology and implementation is the kind of descriptive analytic research with an emphasis on the correlation branch. First, the variables were described by statistical tables and indices using SPSS. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data, test hypotheses and generalize the results to population using LISREL. The results of this research show that the acceptance of a system of information, especially from prospective of end users, arising from the ratio between the person and information systems. Finally, solutions have been provided to improve the refuted hypotheses. Manuscript profile
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      85 - Presentation of Human Resource Productivity Model by a Hybrid ESCOP-BSC Approaches
      Reza Aghaei
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.005
      T oday, all countries are seeking promotions in productivity field which can obtain more national production by using fewer resources. This is because of the direct relationship between per income of each country and its productivity rate. One of the most important fac More
      T oday, all countries are seeking promotions in productivity field which can obtain more national production by using fewer resources. This is because of the direct relationship between per income of each country and its productivity rate. One of the most important factors in promoting the goals of management in organization are experts’ resources. Therefore, skilled labor are known as a fundamental invest and organization`s success factor. So, the procedures should be modified and the affairs be improved for organization`s success and survival and this creates by making organization`s and employees more productive. On the other word, an organization which can present better and efficient services and lower costs with effectiveness will be more succeed. This study aims to review the related literature and models of productivity, over the past twenty years, to identify the most important factors affecting on the productivity of human resources and to provide the most appropriate human resource productivity model. This study tries to develop the current findings about the principles and rules of human resource productivity using current resources by a library technique. The results showed that the affecting factors on the productivity of manpower to forty-seven indicators that the integrated model of ESCAP and the Balanced Scorecard, a conceptual model by a hybrid SCOP-BSC model encompasses forty seven criterion which are classified into four factors as bellow: technology and knowledge, customer, techniques and process and organizational. Manuscript profile
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      86 - Identify and Clustering Challenges of knowledge-based Enterprises using ANN and BPMS Approaches; Case study: Yazd KBEs
      Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi Zareu
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.006
      Knowledge always is a powerful tool in stabilizing position of individual/community service to the public and excellence approach in current autonomous communities. Value of knowledge has been more necessary if it capable for transfer to the High-Tec and needed Technolo More
      Knowledge always is a powerful tool in stabilizing position of individual/community service to the public and excellence approach in current autonomous communities. Value of knowledge has been more necessary if it capable for transfer to the High-Tec and needed Technologies of humanity societies. Knowledge Based Enterprise (KBE) is a real-law enterprise such as factory that transfer Knowledge to production/services. However KBEs are causing for sustainable knowledge economy and development native knowledge in more countries, but these enterprises havnt optimize occasion in view of quantity, production quality and service extensive according to the 20 years growth view of Iran. Purpose of this study is to identifying encounter challenges of KBEs that located on Yazds Science and Technology Park (STP) and clustering these challenges with ANN method exactly. The Samples contains 137 person such as manager and top employees of these enterprises. Number of reached challenges have been 59 that were attained from literature and experts guidelines were designed and distributed between samples suddenly. According to the PB artificial neural network, reliabilities of samples were confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and priority done with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and with inspiration of Business Process Management System (BPMS) approach. According to the BPMS approach and MLP method, Result show that challenges did cluster in three factions known as: management activities, operational activities and support activities. Thus, number of management, operational and support activities in order were 27, 15 and 17 items exactly. Manuscript profile
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      87 - A Review of Knowledge-Based Economy: from the Formation to the Action; Case study: knowledge-based Economy in Iran
      Abdollah Elm Khah Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.003
      Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. More
      Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. Knowledge-based economy formed based on the production, distribution and application of knowledge and information. Therefore, investing in knowledge and knowledge-based industries got particular attentions. This paper reviews the literatures of knowledge-based economy due to its importance, and the emphasis of The Supreme Leader on special attentions of policy makers to implementation of it based on upstream documents. This article is provided according to the analytical and descriptive method based on available documents. The knowledge-based economy is addressed in the course of economic ideas, theories of knowledge-based economy, definitions, characteristics, advantages, elements, measuring indicators, policies of the knowledge-based economy in Iran, situation of Knowledge-based economy in Iran based on World Bank Index. At the end conclusion is presented. The results show that the fulfilling of the knowledge-based economy requires trained and skilled workforce, supportive government policies, making reform in society culture, efficient innovation system, indigenous knowledge, ICT, institutional and government stimulus, supporting intellectual property rights and so on. Although the World Bank 2005 report shows that there was a very significant imbalance between the indicators. By government efforts, the imbalance was declined slightly in 2007 and according to the latest World Bank report in 2012, Iran with an average 3/91 has gained the rank of 94 between 146 countries in terms of the knowledge-based economy. Manuscript profile
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      88 - Contract Research Model Nonoccurrence with the Research and Technology Organizations Mission in Technology Development
      Reza Bandarian
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.001
      Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in More
      Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in many countries by cuts the RTOs governmental budget have directed them to financing through industry research budgets, and in some cases, through cut the state budgets, the RTOs were forced to acquiring income (in order to self-sufficiency). Accordingly, another type of research organizations as Contract Research Organizations (CRO) was formed. In this paper, in order to answer the question of whether a contract research model is consistent with the RTOs mission in technology development or not. First, the issue had reviewed historically and then the process of contract research and independent research and their characteristics were investigated and based on that the conclusions and recommendations are offered. The results shows that carrying out the technology development research by the RTOs in the form of a contract research between the industry firms and the RTOs, due to conflict with the requirements of technology development and working conditions of the RTOs is not a good choice and independent research approach is recommended as the most suitable method. Manuscript profile
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      89 - Different points of view for Relation of Knowledge Management and Business Intelligence
      hasan rangriz nasim afshari
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.002
      Nowadays, having the ability of foresight and decision-making is essential for any organization. Advanced and successful organizations have chosen knowledge-oriented strategy to survive in the competitive and rapidly changing environments. Handling of changes and good d More
      Nowadays, having the ability of foresight and decision-making is essential for any organization. Advanced and successful organizations have chosen knowledge-oriented strategy to survive in the competitive and rapidly changing environments. Handling of changes and good decision making about them plays a central role in the future success or failure of organizations. Two important concepts that have important role in managers’ decision makings are Business Intelligence (BI) and Knowledge Management (KM). Business intelligence and knowledge management are relative concepts to each other .The relations between these concepts has not been yet offered clearly and determining the boundary of these two concepts is difficult for managers. Researchers have considered different links between them. In this paper, business intelligence and knowledge management will be defined and then different viewpoints about the type of relationship between these concepts will be expressed. In general, it is recognized that knowledge management and business intelligence both have common and same goal which is improving decision-making process and finally improving the business performance. Implementation and execution of these concepts would consider as organization's competitive advantage. However, knowledge management, including both explicit and tacit knowledge, and also considers unstructured data, while business intelligence generally focuses on explicit knowledge. Finally, concluded that, knowledge management and business intelligence should be integrated regardless of the type of relationship between them, because each has advantages and disadvantages. Manuscript profile
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      90 - To Provide Risk Analysis Approach of Knowledge-based Firm Project by means of ANP-RFMEA Technique
      Meysam Jafari Eskandari Leyla Alibeygi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.004
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.1.6
      A firm which pays close attention to provide a new product and market attendance and innovation commercialization is introduced as a knowledge based firm. In such firms, since invest emphasizes on innovation and commercialization, so lack of attention to economy and mar More
      A firm which pays close attention to provide a new product and market attendance and innovation commercialization is introduced as a knowledge based firm. In such firms, since invest emphasizes on innovation and commercialization, so lack of attention to economy and market risks may lead to a considerable damage to the firm. To do preventive measures toward reducing the risk effects and damages incurred by these firms, it is necessary to apply a powerful and significant method in identifying and real ranking of risks. To identify and prioritize the risk is considered as the most effective stages in risk management procedure. For this, in this research to analyze the risk of project in knowledge-based firms, a combination of RFMEA, ANP has been used, in which EMEA parameters are related in the form of a grid led to benefits and capabilities aggregation in the ANP-RFMEA method compared to FMEA. At first, the literature overview and studies in the literature domain, projects risks of knowledge based firms identified and provided the related experts by means of a verified questionnaire. Finally, its result is ranked and analyzed by the integrated approach of ANP-FMEA. Meanwhile, for the research and in order to reach a reliable result, all the ANP method stages is applied by means of SUPER DECISION software. At least, capabilities of the above mentioned compared to FMEA method is shown in risk ranking. Manuscript profile
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      91 - Designing Model For Prioritize And Selection Projects Portfolio in a Joint Stock Company Based on Analytic Network Process (ANP)
      کبری يزدانی Hossein Ali  Hassan pour
      10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.006
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.1.6
      Established large companies always need a lot of costs that are not met, therefore, the creation of joint stock companies is an effective method for doing business. In addition, changes in the business environment makes companies to move forward and requires that they b More
      Established large companies always need a lot of costs that are not met, therefore, the creation of joint stock companies is an effective method for doing business. In addition, changes in the business environment makes companies to move forward and requires that they become associated with these changes. This requires an effective strategy and considering the fact that many of the strategies are not entered into the implementation phase, portfolio management as a new model of management to implement strategies to help companies comes to mind. In this paper, using literature review and study framework and using interviews and questionnaires, the model is designed for a Joint Stock Company. This includes : strategic plan portfolio, defined portfolio, strategic change management, network structure portfolio, prioritize and select projects based on ANP, measuring earned value project portfolio, collection and delivery information stakeholders confirmed the basket by stakeholders, ratification and implementation of the project portfolio, portfolio monitoring and feedback ". The validity and reliability of the proposed model by collecting 14 questionnaires and Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula and the carcass is proved. In this paper, a field study is conducted in a Joint Stock Company. The criteria necessary for prioritizing and selecting projects that include criteria of economic profit and human resources as well as criteria related to social aspects were extracted and using network analysis process, the selected projects were prioritized based on criteria. The reliability and validity research using Cronbach's alpha formula and carcass were examined. Manuscript profile
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      92 - Evaluation and prioritization of technological capabilities by a developed model in auto industry (case study: SAIPA co)
      Abass Khamse saeideh barati
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.005
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.1.1
      Nowadays, the need to technology evaluation is increasing with development of technology in different areas and also the necessity of using modern technologies. In a general sense, technology evaluation is referred to a process during which the effects from introduction More
      Nowadays, the need to technology evaluation is increasing with development of technology in different areas and also the necessity of using modern technologies. In a general sense, technology evaluation is referred to a process during which the effects from introduction, development, change and modification for a technology are investigated in a firm by a systematic method. The weaknesses and strengths in the intended technology is specified by investigating the level of technological capabilities, and the required context for decision making is created with regard to the development of technological capabilities. This paper aims to investigate and analyze the levels of technological capabilities in SAIPA group. This research evaluates the levels of technological capability in 8 factors by a developed model and specifies the situation of the company and presents the existing gap for codifying the projects of technological modification. This is a descriptive-survey research and the data are gathered using AHP questionnaire. Hierarchy analysis is used to rank the effective factors on the capabilities. The results show that the mean technological capability of SAIPA group in the 8 factors is equal to 54.12. Also, the factor of competition state in industry obtained the highest rank among the factors in the ranking of the effective factors on technological capabilities. Manuscript profile
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      93 - Recognition of Unsuccessful Development of Iran's Marine Industries through the Analysis of Current and Ideal Situation of the Industries' Value Chain
      Seyed Amir Aghaei Abrand Abadi Seyed Hossein Hosseini Mohamad Saeid Seif Navid Mohammadi
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.008
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.13.49.4.4
      Iran's marine industry is of high importance due to the countries 5800 km of coastline, access to the sea in the north and the south, and access to free water although the industry's situation is not as successful as its rivals which started their development plan simul More
      Iran's marine industry is of high importance due to the countries 5800 km of coastline, access to the sea in the north and the south, and access to free water although the industry's situation is not as successful as its rivals which started their development plan simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is to examine the gap between current and ideal situation of marine industry to find bottlenecks of development. To do so, the marine industry value chains in other countries are studied and customized with Iran's industry through expert opinions as the first step. Next, private and governmental companies, which have been registered in Iranian Association of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, are reviewed and located in the value chain to find industry strengths and weaknesses. Finally, solutions to remove bottlenecks of Iran's marine industry development are proposed. Results are representative of the fact that the majour bottlenecks in supportive activities are the lack of integrated finance and insurance system, occupational skill training system, customs adminstartion, and R&D infrastructure. Moreover, the major bottlenecks in primery activities are lack of vendor list, and weakness of needs & feasibility assessment, supply chain management and technical capabilities. To improve the industry performance, the government should focus on integrated laboratory services, finance and insurance, and regulations to reduce investment risks and private sector should promote its productivity and competitiveness. This research could be used as a basis to formulate Iran's marine industry strategic plan. Manuscript profile
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      94 - Identification and Priorities KBEs Challenges using ANN Method (Case study: Yazds KBEs)
      Mojtaba GholiPour Mohammad Ali Vahdat Zad Mohammad Saleh Oliua Hasan Khademi Zareu
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.003
      The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this dev More
      The role of knowledge and science are paid attention in national development because creating expertise and improving the Total factor productivity of production. Furthermore, the position of technology and knowledge is considered vital as endogenous factors in this development process. On the other hand, the conversion of knowledge into product and service will meet the needs of different communities. Knowledge-based companies are included as institutions that work as factories converting knowledge into product and service. Although, knowledge-based companies create sustainable knowledge-based economy and development of indigenous knowledge in many countries, but in accordance with the country's 20-year outlook and in terms of quality and quantity, they are not in ideal situation and are faced with challenges in their own development process. This research aims at identifying challenges facing knowledge-based companies located in Yazd's Science and Technology Park of Eghbal and prioritizing these challenges using Artificial Neural Network. The case study includes 137 managers and senior staff of these companies. Fifty nine challenges obtained from related literatures and experts’ opinions have been compiled in a questionnare and distributed among target population. One hundred and twenty eight collected questionnairs were validated by BP Artificial Neural Network and confirmed with MSE=2.0332 and challenges were prioritized with Artificial Neural Networks Radial Basis Function. The research proved that 19 of 59 challenges were priority among which economic problems of the country, industry and domestic markets recession and government’s unbalanced support policies can be pointed out. Manuscript profile
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      95 - The Study of the Affecting Factors of Knowledge Based Firms’ Growth and Success
      Mahdieh  Tari Mahmod Moradi Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.005
      Nowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors More
      Nowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors causes this firms growth and success. The main purpose of this study is identifying the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success by use of qualitative study. In terms of purpose, this study is practical and the analytical methodology was used. For this purpose semi-structured interview by using thematic analyzing is conducted. Experts whom interviewed are 20 executive managers of top and successful knowledge based firms located in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT) (Sheikh Bahai) in the last three years. The review of literature, and the results of interviews showed 3main themes that classify the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success to 3 levels: individual, organizational and environmental. Based on the results, it seems that government and environmental conditions play a more important role in providing appropriate context for knowledge based firms’ growth and success. According to the interviews, view government and environmental conditions has main role in success and durability of knowledge based firms and spin-offs. Finally, based on the results, referring to existing shortcomings in the field of this firm’s activity and the main emphases of the experts, the necessary considerations for effective factors reinforcement has provided. Manuscript profile
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      96 - Development of Acquisition and Dissemination Process of Tacit Knowledge and Experiences in order to Educate and Empower the Enterprise
      Peyman Akhavan Ali  Shahabipour
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.006
      The experiences of the experts are the most important sources of knowledge and institutional training. Sometimes it is hard or impossible to describe tacit knowledge. Experts are very busy and valuable people. The separation of their work for the process of acquiring kn More
      The experiences of the experts are the most important sources of knowledge and institutional training. Sometimes it is hard or impossible to describe tacit knowledge. Experts are very busy and valuable people. The separation of their work for the process of acquiring knowledge, should not be long. Acquisition of tacit knowledge is costly and time taking process. In large organizations, experts are not centralized in a building or a city. Knowledge users may also have broad geographical scope. The techniques of knowledge will not be able to have a performance alone. So, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Organization's knowledge acquisition project, storytelling and the scenario techniques for the acquisition and dissemination of experiences of experts are combined. With the compilation of the necessary requirements in order to create a model based on storytelling, validation of the proposed model is outlined. There is no research on effective parameters and system requirements for the acquisition of experience. Therefore, to implement the model these features must be described and prioritized. Increase the efficiency of the knowledge techniques, create the model comparison system, gain experience and increase the participation of experts and other agents of knowledge in organizations, are the results of this research. This model suggests the structured acquisition of tacit knowledge. Manuscript profile
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      97 - Functional Analysis of Technological Innovation System in the new Generation of Digital Communication
      Shara  Aghajanian
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.007
      Digital communication industries with high growth rates in innovation have globally advanced and rapidly expanded. The industry has been extensively changing in the worldwide. Hence, it significantly changes the business models according to the technology of new generat More
      Digital communication industries with high growth rates in innovation have globally advanced and rapidly expanded. The industry has been extensively changing in the worldwide. Hence, it significantly changes the business models according to the technology of new generation in digital communication. New generation technology with the emergence of creative destruction context, left the organizations by two compulsory alternatives, compliance with new system and success or destruction of the systems will be the result. Unlike many articles that considered the structural and functional analysis individually to assess the technological innovation system, the integrated process by considering structural analysis as a prerequisite of functional analysis have been applied. Literature review and industry related analysis is applied to gather eight functional factors, and also a questionnaire is designed. After data gathering, the phase of technological development analysis as a tools for prioritizing and analyzing the dependencies between the blocking functions are deployed that was rarely used in the literature. Therefore, the blocking and deriving factors are analysed and appropriate policies are made. Results show that the studied process is an appropriate framework for functional analysis and by the number of policies represented at the end, further researches are suggested. Manuscript profile
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      98 - Applying Strategic Project Management as a new Approach to Project Management
      Elham  Soltani teymor marjani
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.008
      Today, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in t More
      Today, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in the execution of their projects. Therefore, in order to reduce and control the problems of the projects, the classic project management approach must be changed to strategic project management for optimizing the performance and success of a project. Strategic project management can propel companies to better achieve corporate goals. So, organizations should have a formal planning and execution framework in accordance with the strategic approach, to achieve competitive advantage and better performance. Project managers and teams must learn how to focus the business aspects of their projects and better support their company’s strategy, rather than just focus on meeting traditional time, budget, and performance goals. This paper employs a literature review approach, and presents the description of the strategic project management concept and its difference with classical project management. Then, the strategic project management models that help organizations to achieve success and create a competitive advantage have been reviewed. Finally, the authors have concluded, in order to achieve competitive advantage, project success and better performance of organization, the executive and project managers should consider the strategic aspect of project management and implement strategic project management processes in organization. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      99 - Identify Factors Affecting the Implementation of Knowledge Management Based on Business Strategies
      Hojat  Hassani seadat Hamid  Erfanian Khanzadeh Gholamreza Malekzadeh
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.004
      Knowledge is a valuable resource and strategic factor and also an asset. So providing good and qualified products and services without management and use of this valuable resource, is difficult and sometimes impossible. Knowledge management has become one of the most im More
      Knowledge is a valuable resource and strategic factor and also an asset. So providing good and qualified products and services without management and use of this valuable resource, is difficult and sometimes impossible. Knowledge management has become one of the most important activities in today's organizations to improve and maintain competitive advantage. The ultimate goal of knowledge management is the operation and development of knowledge assets to achieve the goals and create added value for the organization. It is obvious that knowledge management is crucial in the formulation of business strategy for gaining competitive advantage. Therefore identifying factors affecting the implementation of knowledge management based on business strategy is very important. In this study, 55 factors affecting the implementation of knowledge management extracted. Then by using Delphi method and the adoption of experts opinion, their relationships with business strategies were identified. On this basis, 35 factors in 6 dimensions were identified: Leadership, Strategic, Infrastructure, Structure, Cultural and Scientific Dimension. Among the identified dimensions, leadership dimension was more important than the other dimensions. Strategic and Scientific dimensions are the next one and 64 percent of the identified factors were confirmed. Manuscript profile
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      100 - Assessment of Knowledge and Ability of Knowledge Workers in Knowledge Based Organizations using Shannon Human Potential Model
      Abass Afrazeh Mohammad Alimoradi Sajad Golmohamadi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.001
      Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organiza More
      Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organizational structure in the form of giving authority from managers to lower levels are going to reach to economical efficiency, creativity and finally to a higher productivity. In this article looking at Hanson Theory about decentralizing strategies, we have identified equifinality (using different technologies, methods, and resources for reaching to a creatively predetermined and great result) as a loosely strategies of decentralization. Considering researches have been done in a context of creativity and equifinality as a Decentralized Management Approach, we can see lots of researchers referred to the importance necessity of this phenomenon as a one of open system characteristics to intensify creativity, competitiveness’ prosperity, and productivity. But a comprehensive research has not been observed in related with correlation of creativity and equifinality in industrial organizations’ subject in a special case. In this research with using content Analysis method, a new category of equifinality usages in organization that causes creativity results, have been attempted to represent by surveying the past studies in relation with “decentralized management and equifinality” and “equifinality and creativity”. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of decentralized management, equifinality and creativity, research's result subdivided in two dimensions accompanied with its components namely “equifinality and work process”, and “equifinality and structure”. Manuscript profile
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      101 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Strategic Agility in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
      Reza Bandarian
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.002
      Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid tec More
      Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid technological changes. RTOs by development of proactive features on their interior can achieve to a special ability called "strategic agility". Strategic agility is the ability to reform, renovate and renewal the organization, business model and strategies to cope with environmental changes. In this paper, in order to develop a comprehensive framework to achieve strategic agility in RTOs, first, all of the previous research in the field of strategic agility in the last few years have been reviewed and then adapt and adjust to the nature, characteristics and requirements of RTOs, finally the seven dimensions (key factors) and thirty one index for strategic agility in RTOs extracted and has been defined. The seven key factors are strategic sensitivity, clear vision, selecting strategic technological knowledge goals, identifying key capabilities, seizing and exploitation, continuous technological innovation and being proactive. This model is based on the combination of both internal and external organizational approach, and provides the basis for the assessment of strategic agility in RTOs. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      102 - Analysis of Start-ups Based on the Achievements of Academic Research from the Perspective of Resource-Based Approach
      Amin Pazhohesh Jahromy Javad Pour Karimy Yaughob Entezary Amir Naser Akhavan
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.003
      The aim of this study is to analyze the achievements of university-based start-ups using resource-based approach and answers the question of why are some academic start-ups more competitive and may have greater survival. Academic entrepreneurs are involved in the early More
      The aim of this study is to analyze the achievements of university-based start-ups using resource-based approach and answers the question of why are some academic start-ups more competitive and may have greater survival. Academic entrepreneurs are involved in the early stages of business creation, with a decision on the funding crisis facing. The study of important factors decline young companies, often leads to a lack of resources in the early years of formation. The Awareness about the relationship between resources and their role on survival of academic research-based companies in the early years is critical. This article seeks to identify the relationship that leads to more accurately understand the phenomenon of the commercialization of academic research achievements. Since the structure of start-ups based on the achievements of academic research is not something different from the structure of other start-ups and one of three forms of service oriented, Product oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups, the research using library research (Meta-synthesis), concludes that access to human resources and technology and enterprise resource scarcity on campus, explain the success of academic Service oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups and the failure of Product oriented firms. This led to the establishment of academic Service oriented and Intellectual asset oriented start-ups. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      103 - The Requirements to Shift from Close Innovation into Open Innovation
      Manochehr Manteghi Parisa Hasan Abadi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.004
      Open innovation represents an emergent paradigm, which organizations must become familiar with and apply it in practice sooner or later in order to survive and prevent their failure. Factors such as diffusion of knowledge, increasing costs and complexity of R&D, the sho More
      Open innovation represents an emergent paradigm, which organizations must become familiar with and apply it in practice sooner or later in order to survive and prevent their failure. Factors such as diffusion of knowledge, increasing costs and complexity of R&D, the shortening of the technology life cycles, the growth of venture capital and presence of knowledgeable suppliers and clients, have weakened the close innovation paradigm. So, self-sufficient, inward focus, monopoly of knowledge and capital investment on internal research, does not create competitive advantages for organizations any more. In open innovation era, organizations make use of both internal and external resource of knowledge to drive their innovation processes, also search different internal and external ways to develop their markets. With regard to inescapable deployment of open innovation, now the question is what items should be considered by organizations in the shift from close innovation to open innovation? In other words, what are the requirements for implementing open innovation approach in organizations? This paper will answer the question by review of pervious research to identify and describe dimensions which could lead organizations in order to implement open innovation. These dimensions which named “the requirements to shift from close innovation into open innovation” and presented in conceptual framework of paper, are: networking, open innovation processes, organizational structures and knowledge management systems. Organizations should notice these dimensions interact each other, so change along one dimension will impact on the others. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      104 - The Role of Decentralizing Loosely Approach on the Creativity and Innovation Prosperity of the Industrial Organizations
      Yaser Ghasemi nejad Mansoor Sadeghi Mal Amiri
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.005
      Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organiza More
      Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organizational structure in the form of giving authority from managers to lower levels are going to reach to economical efficiency, creativity and finally to a higher productivity. In this article looking at Hanson Theory about decentralizing strategies, we have identified equifinality (using different technologies, methods, and resources for reaching to a creatively predetermined and great result) as a loosely strategies of decentralization. Considering researches have been done in a context of creativity and equifinality as a Decentralized Management Approach, we can see lots of researchers referred to the importance necessity of this phenomenon as a one of open system characteristics to intensify creativity, competitiveness’ prosperity, and productivity. But a comprehensive research has not been observed in related with correlation of creativity and equifinality in industrial organizations’ subject in a special case. In this research with using content Analysis method, a new category of equifinality usages in organization that causes creativity results, have been attempted to represent by surveying the past studies in relation with “decentralized management and equifinality” and “equifinality and creativity”. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of decentralized management, equifinality and creativity, research's result subdivided in two dimensions accompanied with its components namely “equifinality and work process”, and “equifinality and structure”. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      105 - Open Innovation & Stakeholders Engagement
      Farzane ryBakhtia Mojtaba Nahid
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.006
      The paradox of open innovation lies in the conflict between the practical desire to reap the benefits of open innovation and concern over the risk that others will misappropriate those benefits. Open innovation models bring changes in the firm's approach to strategic ma More
      The paradox of open innovation lies in the conflict between the practical desire to reap the benefits of open innovation and concern over the risk that others will misappropriate those benefits. Open innovation models bring changes in the firm's approach to strategic management of technology. Over the years, as a response to emerges at significant improvements in the competitive environment. Open innovation that we can always make progress because all ideas are good ideas, Also all ideas can be developed, if the idea is worth thinking about, it is worth telling. We are creative and we can get more creative. Stakeholder theory and recent developments in value creation through stakeholder engagement can assist with reconciliation of this inherent structural risk. The limitations of existing open innovation typologies are identified, and a process-based model of open innovation is proposed. The model is then expanded to include stakeholder engagement. When integrated with stakeholder engagement, open innovation processes can be understood to generate benefits beyond the acquisition of specific information sought from external experts. The addition of stakeholder engagement to the open innovation model allows for greater understanding and easier acceptance of the risks inherent in the open innovation process. Therefore this application article uses library overview and in addition to this, it focuses on open innovation literature and some of its models. Also, it Deals with the relationship between open innovation and stakeholder participation And would be try to provide the benefits and risks of engagement to the audience. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      106 - Selection and Prioritization of Appropriate Technology Transfer Methods in Mazandaran’s Provin Dairy Industry Using Fuzzy AHP
      Ahmad Taleshian Babak Shirazi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.007
      In today's world, technology as one of the crucial and effective factors is influencing the success of enterprises. Due to the rapid growth in technology developments, countries or companies may not be solely self-sufficient with regards to a variety of technologies wit More
      In today's world, technology as one of the crucial and effective factors is influencing the success of enterprises. Due to the rapid growth in technology developments, countries or companies may not be solely self-sufficient with regards to a variety of technologies without the support of others. To be successful in technology transfer, aspects of scientific, technical and legal transfer of technology should be considered, in addition to providing infrastructure. Dairy industry as one of the strategic industry has a special situation in economy of a country, due to employing a large number of labors and the daily consumption of its products. Selecting the appropriate method of technology transfer is essential in this industry, because of high competition in the dairy industry and the obvious and hidden costs of technology transfer. In this study, different models and methods of technology transfer are investigated, and according to experts, final criteria and methods are obtained. Then, criteria and methods of technology transfer are analyzed in a pair-wise comparison questionnaire using fuzzy AHP (FAHP). This research is practical from the viewpoint of goal and descriptive from the perspective of the data collection and analysis of data. Finally, joint venture, franchise and alliance (strategic partnership) methods, are chosen respectively as the top three priorities. Manuscript profile
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      107 - Identify Indicators for Evaluating the Performance of Corporate Entrepreneurship
      Saeed Safari Reza Abbasi Mozhgan Soltani Aliabad
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.008
      Today, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of orga More
      Today, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of organizations to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has been led to the creation of a certain territory of this concept that is called organizational entrepreneurship. As far as organizational entrepreneurship are transformed to one of the strategic approaches in organizations, to achieve high performance and great success. Choose this approach is effective for organizations when we can evaluate the results and provide organizational goals with proper management. So, having appropriate indicators to be used for the assessment of organizational entrepreneurship is very important. Therefore, this study seeks to identify appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance organizational entrepreneurship. For this purpose, after reviewing research literature, were extracted performance evaluation indicators, and with the help of the framework of EFQM Excellence Model, were classified in 9 categories. After refining the extracted indicators and removal of repetitive indicators, the 63 index that had remained, to determining the most important indicators, was placed in the hands of experts in the format of a questionnaire and Finally, by analyzing data obtained, were identified appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance. Results of present study, presented 29 indicators in nine criteria of: Leadership, Strategy, Employee, Partnerships and Resources, Processes, Products and Services, Customer Results, Employee Results, Society Results and Key Results; as the appropriate indicators to evaluating the performance of organizational entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      108 - The Role of CrowdFunding to Financing Capital for Startups Entrepreneur
      Sajad Asakere Saeed Zarandi Mohsen Afsharpour
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.001
      Financing capital for startups, always had been propounded as one of the challenges for entrepreneurs. On the other hand, the risk of venture capital investment, financial institutions and banks often seem less willing to invest in this activity. By developing Internet More
      Financing capital for startups, always had been propounded as one of the challenges for entrepreneurs. On the other hand, the risk of venture capital investment, financial institutions and banks often seem less willing to invest in this activity. By developing Internet and social networks, limitation in communications have been removed and new concepts such as networking and utilization of crowdfunding has been raised. This paper introduces a new method of collective investment fund over the Internet to exploit social capital rather than bank loans, business angels and venture capital. Due to the lack of scientific research in this field, by using inductive method we discuss about the crowdfunding phenomenon concept, development of literature in this field, goals and motivations of the participants, expressing the models, potential, obstacles and limitations of the crowdfunfing. The results indicate that the rate of this concept in the world especially in developing countries has been increasing and this model can be operated by providing cultural, technological, legal and social contexts. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      109 - Selecting Enterprise Resource Planning System Using of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
      Hojatollah Hamidi
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.002
      Selecting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP pro More
      Selecting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is time consuming due to the resource constraints, the software complexity, and the different of alternatives. A comprehensively systematic selection policy for ERP system is very important to the success of ERP project. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method to evaluate the alternatives of ERP system. The selection criteria of ERP system are numerous and fuzzy, so how to select an adequate ERP system is crucial in the early phase of an ERP project. The framework decomposes ERP system selection into four main factors. The goal of this paper is to select the best alternative that meets the requirements with respect to “product factors”, “system factors”, “management factors” and “vendor factors”. The sub-attributes (sub-factors) related to ERP selection have been classified into thirteen main categories. These criteria and factors are weighed and prioritized and finally a framework is provided for ERP selection with the fuzzy AHP method. Also, a real case study from PARDIS-LO Company is presented. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      110 - Marketing in Technological Small and Medium sized Companies; Challenges and Solutions
      Nargess Khanderoo Tooraj sadeghi Gholamreza Malekzadeh
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.004
      Development of successful strategic marketing programs for the commercialization of new technology represents a challenge for small and medium sized technology-based firms. The mechanics of developing successful marketing strategies for technological innovations is a co More
      Development of successful strategic marketing programs for the commercialization of new technology represents a challenge for small and medium sized technology-based firms. The mechanics of developing successful marketing strategies for technological innovations is a complex process from design to implementation. Technology-based SMEs play an important role in facilitating the ‘knowledge-based’ or ‘smart’ economies. However, technological superiority is not a guarantee for the success of a high-tech SMEs. Instead, the odds of success are maximized by a combination of technology superiority and marketing capability. In this paper, the characteristic of technology-oriented small and medium enterprises have examined according to the published key studies in the field of small and medium sized companies, the factors and barriers to the success of the companies mentioned briefly and given that marketing has been diagnosed as one of the success factors of technology-based small and medium enterprises, we reviewed the challenges and solutions of technology marketing to remind the managers of these companies that the success of a pure technology will not ensure the success of the company and marketing as one of the key elements and critical component of the success of technology-based small and medium enterprises should be a priority in their activities. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      111 - Impact of Science and Technology Parks Quality of the Service on Growth and Innovative Performance of Firms located in Parks; Case study: Pardis Technology Park
      Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Saeideh Ghochkanloo
      10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.006
      According to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary considering to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this s More
      According to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary considering to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this study, is to evaluate the impact quality of the service provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of firms located in these parks. This research is an applied one which was conducted as a survey in Pardis Technology Park, as the biggest and most important science and technology park of the country, and with the help of more than 30 managers in active firms of this park. In this research, the Cronbach's alpha and Average Variance Extracted was used to measure reliability and validation. Also, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (First and Second stage), correlation test and path analysis was used for answering the questions. Innovation aspect of the study is a new look to the impact of service quality provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of independent firms located in these parks. Results indicates that the most important factor for these managers is the reliability of the clients to the park. Park staff empathy with clients is also less important factor. Manuscript profile
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      112 - Identify and ranking of efficient strategic success factors of small early return firms in Kaveh industrial town with B.S.C. approach by managers point of view
      hosein ghaffari ebrahimali razini
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.007
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.50.2.8
      The main purpose in this research is to identify the efficient strategic factors in success of small and early return firms from manager’s point of view, with the Balance Score Cards method approach. This is an applied, descriptive and survey research. The data are coll More
      The main purpose in this research is to identify the efficient strategic factors in success of small and early return firms from manager’s point of view, with the Balance Score Cards method approach. This is an applied, descriptive and survey research. The data are collected within 2015 November and December (Aban and Azar of 1394). Statistical society contains 70 firms that are selected in simple accidental method and totally 60 firms are studied. The data of this research are gathered by the certain questionnaire containing 35 questions. SPSS version 20 is used to analysis the data. In descriptive statistics, the education of managers is analyzed. Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test is used in inferential analysis to test the questions and normality of data. According to the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, the binomial test is used to answer the questions about the components (of B.S.C) and one-sample t-test is used to investigate the dimensions of it. Also and Friedman is used to rank the strategic factors. Finally the results of this research show that, the small quick-impact firms in terms of balancing different aspects, are in good situation and in this respect the opinion of managers, show the homogenous attention to the four main aspects in this method. However there are some strategic effective factors which may not be seen or be neglected by the managers Manuscript profile
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      113 - Suggest a Model for the Academic Humanities Spin off Incubators, Move to the Fourth Generation University
      Taraneh Enayati Alireza Aulipour
      Experts believe the academic humanities is the platform of all sciences in any countries. Therefore, the academic humanities should provide development platforms before experiential and technical sciences. The movement from training-based universities to entrepreneur-ba More
      Experts believe the academic humanities is the platform of all sciences in any countries. Therefore, the academic humanities should provide development platforms before experiential and technical sciences. The movement from training-based universities to entrepreneur-based universities was based on turning theory to practice and knowledge commercialization, which led to the creation of incubators and university spin off enterprises. But something which was neglected was the status of the humanities in the incubators and university spin off enterprises. This paper is a qualitative study which the researchers studied the records, information on the database and interviewed with the experts from the Science and Technology Parks and Incubators. Open and in-depth interviewing method was applied to describe challenges and problems for knowledge commercialization in the field of the academic humanities. In the end, The researchers suggest a model for humanities’ spin off enterprises by considering software technology, in order to move in the post post-modern world and localization of humanities and move towards the creation of a fourth generation university. Manuscript profile
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      114 - Designing the Business Model for Virtual Incubator in Iran
      Amir Maniyan Maryam Khodadad Barmi Ayob Mohamadian
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.001
      Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virt More
      Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virtual incubator can be very important, So in other countries are considered. In order of increasing competition firms in various industries and Existing dynamics in business environments, designing the business model can be introduction for starting a successful business. According to this, Attention to business model for virtual business incubators is important. This paper is designing the business model for virtual business incubator in Iran. This design is done by study of related literature, interviews with experts and benchmarking results of several successful virtual business incubators in the world. Currently, there are many models to identify the components of business model and their relationship but Osterwalder 9 element model is known as the most popular and most perfect version. In this paper, the ontology Osterwalder is used in order to designing the business model for virtual business incubator. This design can be efficient step to starting the operational of this national project and can be followed productivity, Enhancing organizational performance and profitability Manuscript profile
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      115 - Identify and Ranking Effective Factors on Success of Knowledge Management with the Approach of the Realization of Resistance Economic
      Roya Hejazi Nia
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.002
      The purpose of the present research is identifying factors that influence the success of knowledge management systems in organizations in resistant economy conditions. Currently we face the problems of asymmetry of information and asymmetry of information in different s More
      The purpose of the present research is identifying factors that influence the success of knowledge management systems in organizations in resistant economy conditions. Currently we face the problems of asymmetry of information and asymmetry of information in different sections can set grounds for increasing corruption and damage to resistant economy. Measures to reduce the asymmetry are necessary to be thought of. One of the strategies is using knowledge management systems. However, according to limitations appeared during the sanctions, successful implementation of these systems has faced some barriers. Therefore, identification of factors that lead to successful implementation of knowledge management systems can be very influential because, whether during the sanctions or after them, attempts should continue to be made in the field of establishing resistant economy. Hence, by reviewing various studies conducted in the field of knowledge management, 15 variables have been identified. In order to check the hypothesis, a researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity was calculated by Cronbach’s Alpha to be 0.81. In order to test research questions, SPSS Version 18, MATLAB, TOPSIS and one-sample T-test were used. Research results showed that all variables were identified to be influencing the success of knowledge management systems in resistant economy. Information technology infrastructures had the highest importance and periodical evaluations had the least importance from among the 15 variables. Manuscript profile
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      116 - Investigating the Challenges in the Laws and Rights of Intellectual Property in Commercialization of Biotechnological Goods
      Sohrab Aghazadeh Kamyar Ghaforian atiyeh safardoust Mahdi Ojani Mohammad Naghizadeh
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.003
      The lack of unified laws and regulations regarding intellectual property rights and how to give it to innovations, inventions and patents on living organisms is one of the challenges in developing countries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challeng More
      The lack of unified laws and regulations regarding intellectual property rights and how to give it to innovations, inventions and patents on living organisms is one of the challenges in developing countries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges in the laws and rights of intellectual property on commercialization of biotechnological products in Iran. We have chosen mix method to conduct this study. In the qualitative part of the research in order to figure out the main challenges in the laws and rights of intellectual property, by using the literature review and interviewing 11 active Expert or not to implement them in the field of commercialization, the main challenges have been presented. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire related to the challenges of the rights of intellectual property have been distributed among 21 researchers in the field of biotechnology who are also familiar with the laws and rights of intellectual property,and by using confirmatory factor analysis, one sample T test and freedman test we studied the challenges and its ranking in the field of biotechnology. The findings show that the main challenges in laws and rights of intellectual property in the field of biotechnology are: the current obstacles in the part of the intellectual property of the projects, Lack of some rules, standards and policies or not to implement them and the high rate of dependency of the companies to the protection of patents. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      117 - Identifying Effective Critical Success Factors in Electronic Supply Chain Management (Case study: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises)
      morteza jabale Sajad Ranjkesh Mohammad Reza Ghiasy Hossein Ali  Hassan pour
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.004
      Electronic supply chain management (e-SCM) is one of the competitive industrial fields of the country. Availability of Internet network and information in supply chain management, gives the capability and competitiveness to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and More
      Electronic supply chain management (e-SCM) is one of the competitive industrial fields of the country. Availability of Internet network and information in supply chain management, gives the capability and competitiveness to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and also helps them for resilience in today`s competitions. Electronic supply chain management plays an important role in improving supply chain factors, information authenticity, reducing bullwhip effect and delivering products to the customers in right time and right place with high speed and accuracy. Attending to these factors can be helpful in making suitable decisions to promote enterprise by managers. The goals of this paper is to identifying effective critical success factors in electronic supply chain management and survey their effects on e-SCM implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve this goal, thirteen questions has been developed and a multi-variable linear regression technique in SPSS used for analyzing questionnaire. A Multi regression analyses a dependent variable, which linearly relates to some independent controlled variables. Independent variables Xk are critical sub-factors for main factors and dependent variable Y indicate implementation of electronic supply chain management. Result analysis shows that four critical success factors are the most important factors playing role in e-SCM implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises, which are supporting of capacity of supplier, organizational scale, compatibility of e-SCM and CEO’s creative level. Management by focusing on four factors will make to improvement and forward upgrades in future. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      118 - Integration of Customers in Front-End of Innovation (FEI) by Open Innovation Approach: Generation and Selection of Innovative Product Ideas
      Ali Asghar  Molaie Babak Shirazi Javad  Soltanzadeh
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.005
      Innovation is a key element for the success of companies in a competitive environment. Innovations begin with innovative ideas that form in the early stages of the innovation process, called the front-end of innovation (FEI). Therefore, to access information from differ More
      Innovation is a key element for the success of companies in a competitive environment. Innovations begin with innovative ideas that form in the early stages of the innovation process, called the front-end of innovation (FEI). Therefore, to access information from different sources, especially external sources, the early activities of the innovation process should be organized as a systematic approach. Customers are as the most important source of innovative ideas in new product process that companies can use them. To benefit from the idea of customers, there needs to be a model for integrating them with internal organization resources. In this paper, a model is presented for integration of customers derived from open innovation paradigm in the FEI based on simultaneous integration of customers, competitors, fringe industries in order to Increase creativity and innovation success. This proposed model is obtained by development of Ulwick’s model that implemented in Agricultural implements industry for “drip irrigation system”. The main objective of this paper is to generate innovative product ideas and then selection of more innovative idea (real and unmet need) of customers in the FEI phase by proposed model, in order to reduce the failure rate of new products in the market. Data were obtained from a survey of 30 customers, as a research sample. The results suggest that opening the FEI phase and the subsequent integration of different customers in this phase, in order to generate innovative ideas, will have a positive impact on the success of the new product. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      119 - The Index of Research and Development Capabilities in the BRICS Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, china, the South Africa)
      Sina Laleh
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.006
      Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developin More
      Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developing countries have recently realized its integral importance. Actually, technology is an output of the research and development factory.The research and development units are infrastructure of technology and the greatest source of innovation. There are Various procedure to achive technology that reverse engineering is one of the most important. (especially in developing countries) In this essay, addition to review the literature of "research and development" and the factors affecting its capabilities, experiences of leading countries in this field (BRICS) will be checked in order to design a conceptual model to assess the research and development capabilities. In the end, we present some pieces of advice to reduce the problems and increase the quality and quantity level of R&D. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      120 - Providing a Conceptual Framework to Explain the Role of Management's Commitment to Internal Marketing on Job Attitudes
      Esmaeil Malek Akhlagh Zahra Takhire Arman Pourusa
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.007
      The Very complex and competitive environment requires more attention of organization to internal employees as internal customers. When staff can provide customers satisfy that their needs have been met by the organization and satisfaction in them toward the organization More
      The Very complex and competitive environment requires more attention of organization to internal employees as internal customers. When staff can provide customers satisfy that their needs have been met by the organization and satisfaction in them toward the organization. This is the same logic that the study Barry, Hansel and Burke mentioned that the use of internal marketing toward organizational capabilities recommended to meet in order to achieve effective protection of consumers. On the other hand, the most important asset of any organization is staff of it. The higher of quality of human resources will be a success and survival of the organization and one of the most important attitudes that try to improve the quality of human resources and adjust the values of the people, are management's commitment to internal marketing. Management's commitment to internal marketing program, spontaneous and voluntary activity for the local marketing programs promote and increase communication with employees and employee job satisfaction and ultimately improve the performance of the entire organization. Since, this paper has been done the literature review of preceding studies on internal marketing, management's commitment to internal marketing and job attitudes to explain the relationship between them. Results show that management's commitment to internal marketing with the ways related to internal marketing includes formal and informal internal communication and management's commitment to internal marketing and informal internal communication influence employee attitudes. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      121 - Smart Clothing; from Problem-Solving to Knowledge Generation
      Morteza PourMohammadi Azam Neumati
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.008
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.47.1.4
      As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved b More
      As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved by applying Design Thinking. Main purpose of this research is to investigate the design thinking role in such projects from problem-solving to knowlegde generation. At first, the opportunities and challenges in the design development process of smart clothing design project-as a wicked problem- surveyd through a descriptive-analytical method. Then as a case study, a practical smart clothing design project and his design thinkig dimentions discussed in detail. The findings of this article suggest design thinking as a systematic, creative and human-centered thinking beside treating as core research and managing design activities, could be the source of knowledge generation. The genarated knowlegde here includes redefining and shaping the problem, determine the level of technology integration, design issues, user requirements models and workflow; which in addition to facilitating the design solving process and reduce design errores, can be a true example of generalized problem solving And decision making pattern. Such approach to design thinking for wicked problems- Research through Design- pointed out the general knowledge of design activities(including the problem, methods and processes) is unknown at first phases, and the Generative nature of design thinking undertake this task, in other words design problem or brief will complete in parallel with solution. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      122 - The Effect of Environmental Pressure on the Firm Performance With an Emphasis on Green Technology Selection (Case Study: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises of Chemical Paint Production)
      hamid azizmohamadlou sepide mohamadnejad madardi
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.005
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.13.49.6.6
      Firm performance is one of the most important criteria for evaluating their success . Given the fact that in recent decades concerns about the environment have increased , small and medium - sized enterprises should implement methods to improve their performance in this More
      Firm performance is one of the most important criteria for evaluating their success . Given the fact that in recent decades concerns about the environment have increased , small and medium - sized enterprises should implement methods to improve their performance in this area. One of the methods is selection and deployment of green technologies . his concept has grown in recent years and many organizations have used it as an environmental strategy. Considering the fact that the most important issue for any organization is to improve revenue and profitability , green technology can take an important step in this direction by reducing energy consumption, waste reduction and increase in efficiency. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of environmental pressure on the firm performance with an emphasis on selection of green technology. Data are collected through the questionnaire and 75 samples from managers of small and medium-sized enterprises of chemical paint production . For testing the conceptual model , structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method is used . The results of this research show that pressure of macroeconomic circumstances has the most influence on the selection of the green technology , hence improving the environmental performance leads to growth in firm performance. It is anticipated with increasing the pressure of macroeconomic circumstance and government support , industries have tendency to selection of green technology. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      123 - Clasification of custumers of internet services, using data mining algorithms
      farid norozi hamed kazemipoor
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.002
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.13.49.7.7
      Nowadays, the role of customers has shifted from followers of the producers to guiding them.That is why the classification of customers in targeting and customizing services and prioritization of companies products on the basis of profitability makes great help. Interne More
      Nowadays, the role of customers has shifted from followers of the producers to guiding them.That is why the classification of customers in targeting and customizing services and prioritization of companies products on the basis of profitability makes great help. Internet service providers in the market, are competing with a lot of competitors because investing in on communications and internet services are profitable.In order to progress in the market, it is necessary to offer new services and innovation.To get broader share of the market, the internet providers has got to have sufficient knowledge of the market and customers, retain existing customers and attract new customers.By classifying and clustering its customers, and while identifying and supporting its active and beneficial customers, such companies can remove their offbeat customers from services providing cycle.Using data mining algorithm, this research detecting and identifying of such customers, make the internet service provider closer to their goals. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      124 - Service Innovation (Concepts, Features, Approaches, Perspectives and Policies)
      Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar Seyed Soroush Ghazi Nori Gholamreza Tavakoli
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.002
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.4.9
      The attention to service sector and innovation in service organizations is the key factor effective on many leading companies and developed countries successes. According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report, today service sector compri More
      The attention to service sector and innovation in service organizations is the key factor effective on many leading companies and developed countries successes. According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report, today service sector comprises 60 percent of economy of forty superior economic countries in the world. Also, evidences show that, the share of service sector in our economy in recent years has increased and it is more than the total shares of industry and agriculture sectors. Despite the key role of service in the economic development of countries, this issue has been ignored in terms of theory in our country. Evidences that imply the importance and essence of service sector in the economy of many countries show the necessity of studying the issue of services innovation and presenting several related policies and strategies in order to enhancing service innovation in our country. In order to filling this gap, this paper aims at reviewing the concepts of service and service innovation, service innovation features, some researches in the field of service innovation and existing approaches about service innovation. Furthermore, some proposed policies by Cambridge University and several researchers were presented regarding to service innovation. At the end some recommended policies toward enhancing innovation in service sector are presented that encompass some suggestions for researchers, innovators and policy makers. Companies and organization in service sectors can enhance rate of innovation by implementing the proposed suggestions in this paper. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      125 - Survey of Factors affecting the development of knowledge-based companies, Using the Analytic Hierarchy, Case Study technology park of Tehran
      Elham Amini Mohammad BaniAsadi Mehrdad Hatami Hosein Vahidi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.003
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.5.0
      A modern economy is knowledge-based economy in which the production, distribution and use of knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are the engine of this system. This study was conducted to survey of factors affecting the More
      A modern economy is knowledge-based economy in which the production, distribution and use of knowledge is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are the engine of this system. This study was conducted to survey of factors affecting the development of these companies. For this purpose, surveys of target groups, including corporate executives and experts from the Ministry of Health is done and to rate the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used. AHP technique is widely used in various fields such as multi-criteria decision assessment, planning, decision-making and forecasting has been used. For this purpose, eight important factors have been investigated, include technological factors, social, market conditions, political, administrative, economic, legal and environmental and compared comments of two groups. As is clear from the results, All factors (technology, management, marketing, economics, law, politics, society and environment) in terms of both the target group had effect on the development of knowledge-based companies. Indicators of technology, economics and law (in order of preference) from the perspective of firm managers are three major factors affecting. Standards of environmental, social and policy choices are at least important. The ministry experts have considered issues of management as key factor. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      126 - Prioritization of Power Distribution Smart Grid Technologies based on the Attractiveness Criteria, Case Study on Mazandaran Power Distribution Company
      1Maral Mohaghegh Babak Shirazi
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.006
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.6.1
      A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has More
      A smart grid is the modern power grid to resolve many issues of current power grid systems with higher reliability, self-healing, ability to support renewable energy sources and reduction of environmental impacts. Novelty and necessity of power smart grid knowledge has led to feel technologies assessment is needed for development and determination the attractiveness of product and process technologies in this industry. Distribution network is an important part of a power system and nearest part to the consumers that should pay special attention to it. The aim of this study was to prioritize power smart grid technology with respect to the attractiveness criteria in Mazandaran power distributed company. So, the list of key technologies related to power smart grid was prepared. Then 9 criteria were identified. Questionnaire was designed to obtain the experts’ point about the status of each technology in every criteria. Saw is Multiple Attribute Decision Making model for weighing the criteria, determining the relative status of each technology, group decision-making and technology assessment. The results show that moment billing, wireless, load forecasting, energy costs calculating and software are the most important technologies based on the attractiveness in the Mazandaran power distribution company. Also is the basic step for planning, strategy of technologies and time management. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      127 - Ranking Efective Dimension and Indexes on Innovation Management in Power House Equipment Industry and Providing Energy
      Abass Khamse Mohammad Hasan Nasermeli Ali Ramezani
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.007
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.7.2
      Innovation is full of risk naturally and even developed company couldn’t do that non limitation risk. Innovation management has inter several elements such as kind and distributing organization management, financial resources, staff ability and …that is influenced in th More
      Innovation is full of risk naturally and even developed company couldn’t do that non limitation risk. Innovation management has inter several elements such as kind and distributing organization management, financial resources, staff ability and …that is influenced in that performance that after recognizing elements and influenced index on innovation management, help to determine priority and ranking this elements of managers in programming and make to decrease cost and risk of innovation activities.so in this project as a sample of project in engineering company and constructing Pars Mapna generator is done and 55 influences index on innovation management in eight dimension: is characterized in financial elements , management, organization , researching , human , cultural, external and systematic elements and then is studied according to influences value on innovation management in Pars Mapna company with each of this index and the value of ranking and priority is determined . According to its results human, management and cultural elements is in a suitable position and other elements means financial, organization, external, systematic and searching is in a unsuitable position. Also among index, index of organization leadership method, the value of Also among indexes, index of organization management method, the value of organizing supporting from creative staffs, supporting from management from innovation have the highest priority and existing index such as scientific resources, transferring implied knowledge to clear knowledge, development of new product, cooperation with providing and university center and technical innovation have the lowest priority. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      128 - The future Prospects for the Role of Networking in SME to increased Competitive Advantage through Open Innovation
      Atefeh Zolfaghari Hesam Zand Hesami
      10.7508/jstpi.2016.04.008
      20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.48.8.3
      Networking technology and innovation is the most important development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in an increasingly competitive environment of today's world. Firms will be able to Identifying new technologies, customer needs through foresi More
      Networking technology and innovation is the most important development strategies to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in an increasingly competitive environment of today's world. Firms will be able to Identifying new technologies, customer needs through foresight, capture ideas and thereby contribute to the implementation and strengthening of open innovation. This article is a qualitative study that by studying the documents, databases and articles foresight, competitive advantage, and networking is formed and is integrated with content analysis and scenario. The network of small and medium-sized enterprises, open innovation process data play an important role. According to data collected in the process of networking in open innovation of small and medium, enterprises are playing an important role. This article examines the future prospects with Back casting to design a scenario has been discussed and the important role of small and medium enterprises contained within the networking. In this type of business due to the use of open innovation process, companies in the course of an idea to getting products to market, from other companies or organizations in the network will receive assistance and business ideas, technical knowledge, technology, and services, production and distribution of new methods to get new markets in the emerging network, in this way company will increase revenue and reduce costs. In the process of open innovation companies regularly selling ideas, knowledge, technology and services are networking with other companies, thereby increasing revenue and reducing company costs and ultimately achieve a competitive advantage for the firms. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      129 - Investigating the effect of consumer’s social dominance on choosing luxury high-tech products with the mediating role of product involvment
      Mohsen Akbari Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary meysam masoudifar sedigheh kheiri
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.006
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.3.3
      One of the fastest growing luxury goods in markets in all over the world, is luxury high-tech products or high-tech luxury products. Today, in many areas, the market for luxury high-tech goods is growing at an unprecedented way, also researchers and marketers believe th More
      One of the fastest growing luxury goods in markets in all over the world, is luxury high-tech products or high-tech luxury products. Today, in many areas, the market for luxury high-tech goods is growing at an unprecedented way, also researchers and marketers believe that buying high-tech luxury goods will grow up more in future. Usually high-tech products are also considered as luxury item. The characteristics of luxury high-tech goods buyers are very important in understanding their behavior and buying orientation. One of the common characteristics of these goods buyers is their social domination that is common between many of these people. In this study, we investigate the impact of consumer's social dominance dimensions on the choice of high-tech luxury goods with regard to product involvement. This research is practical in terms of research directions and is descriptive in terms of objective. Statistical population of this study is high-tech luxury goods buyers in Tehran's Paytakht store. To test the hypothesis of this research, we used correlation and structural equation modeling and in particular we used statistical software including SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 2. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between social climbing and cupidity with luxury high-tech goods choice. And also, the results indicate that consumer’s involvement about high-tech luxury product has no moderating role in relationship between consumer's social dominance dimensions and luxury high-tech goods choice Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      130 - Evidence-based Management: A Bridge for the Gap Between the Management Science and Manager Practice
      Amin Pazhohesh Jahromy
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.007
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.51.5.3
      The practical relevance of management research is an ongoing concern for many management scholars. The source of this concern is that arguments relying on experience and intuition for decision making by the individual manager or Organizational Management Council poll, w More
      The practical relevance of management research is an ongoing concern for many management scholars. The source of this concern is that arguments relying on experience and intuition for decision making by the individual manager or Organizational Management Council poll, would not guarantee achieving organizational goals and realization of the organizational programs. Evidence-based management as a solution to this problem is to combine the best evidence of ideas, research results and research organization in the field of management to make the best decision. The literature on this subject has had a significant increase in the last decade, yet Iran has not been considered, thus, it is difficult to find a Persian article on the subject. The purpose of this paper is to introduce evidence-based management and to provide a mechanism for management more evidence-based and result-oriented than ever. This research has a practical objective, in terms of nature, quality and library method of data collection (secondary studies, meta-synthesis) and is based on an online study of information sources. The article by hypothesizing the premise that managers’ lack awareness of evidence-based approach has led to this concept to be less considered. By reviewing the literature on evidence and classification of evidence, as well as evidence-based management, we offer a five-step model: “What do we need to know?; Finding the evidence; Getting the needed insights ; Communicating the message; Making the right evidence -based decisions”. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      131 - From Mass Marketing to One-to-One Electronic Marketing
      Arash Beheshtian-Ardakani Mohammad fathiyan
      10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.006
      20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.51.8.6
      Traditional methods of marketing used to focus on covering a large number of customers with the same advertising methods and did not consider the various customer preferences. Despite the high cost of advertising, a small number of target customers were being attracted More
      Traditional methods of marketing used to focus on covering a large number of customers with the same advertising methods and did not consider the various customer preferences. Despite the high cost of advertising, a small number of target customers were being attracted by these methods. With the advancement of information technology, Internet, e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing development models, companies can collect user, information in real-time and at a lower cost. The rapid growth of customer data, competition and new IT capabilities have forced companies to improve marketing strategies by taking direct relationship with customers and execute One-to-One marketing. Response modeling can also be employed to increase the chance of success in one-to-one marketing by identifying the customers who are more likely to respond to marketing activities. In this paper, the weaknesses of mass marketing and the need to move towards new methods of marketing have been proposed. After that, the evolution of marketing strategies from mass and traditional marketing to One-to-One electronic marketing by using information technology has been presented. Then it outlines the main components of one-to-one marketing. By applying the concepts that have been presented in this paper, Companies can identify and apply the main components of one-to-one marketing. Therefore, they can attract new customers, encourage existing customers to buy and maintain loyal customers. As a result, they can be more successful in their marketing activities and increase their profits. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      132 - Technophobia and Initiatives for Dealing with it
      Marziyah Sahverdi
      10.7508/jstpi.2018.03.008
      20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.55.5.8
      In today's world, the use of hi-tech and up-to-date technology is inevitable; especially with regard to the country's path to knowledge-based and innovation economy. Technology is emerged in various aspects of human life and has many social and economic effects. But dea More
      In today's world, the use of hi-tech and up-to-date technology is inevitable; especially with regard to the country's path to knowledge-based and innovation economy. Technology is emerged in various aspects of human life and has many social and economic effects. But dealing with new technologies, along with its particular attractiveness of it, has always been with fear. The fear of losing a job position, fear of changing the behavior of people, fear of inability to work with technology and fear of unwanted and unknown effects of technology on individual and social life are always accompanied by the emergence of new technologies. The term "technophobia" was first introduced in 1947 to describe this panic. Technophobia, by creating resistance among technology adopters, delays the adoption of technology by a large number of people. In Iran, technophobia has been shown in many ways and with the emergence of various technologies; by the introduction of cars and their replacement with the gharries to the video player, mobile phone, information and communication technologies, biotechnology and mobile-developed businesses. So, familiarity with this concept and solutions to overcome, is necessary to take the path of technological development and move towards the knowledge economy. This paper is based on the library research methodology. After reviewing the history, definitions and the reasons for technophobia and its examples in Iran are presented. At the end, some solutions are proposed to deal with it. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      133 - The Impact of Open Government Data and Data Innovation on Life Insurance Industry Business Development
      Saeid Taheri Saeed Shavalpour
      10.7508/jstpi.2018.03.007
      20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.55.8.1
      The emergence of information and communication technology has enabled organizations to use this technology to generate data in their own business. In addition, organizations need to open their industry-related data, which is generally government-owned, as well as data i More
      The emergence of information and communication technology has enabled organizations to use this technology to generate data in their own business. In addition, organizations need to open their industry-related data, which is generally government-owned, as well as data innovation, in order to develop their business. Today we are seeing a huge storm of data that is due to the actions of individuals, businesses and the state. It is essential to acquire the valuable information through the use and reuse of production data by opening up a large amount of data. In this way, the potential of the mass data of every sector of industry and business can effectively be used to plan, decide, and ultimately business development. Figures show the potential of open data in three areas: banking, insurance, and real estate. To add value, these data should be processed, combined or visualized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between open government data and data innovation and business development in the life insurance industry of insurance companies. A questionnaire was used to collect data and a random sampling method was used. In this research, 127 employees of life insurers' life insurance companies were selected as the sample for answering the questionnaire. A questionnaire was distributed among different levels of insurance life insurance companies and finally 98 people participated in the completion of the questionnaire. The findings, based on the results of the hypothesis test, indicate that open government data is effective on business development, and the variable of data innovation has a mediating role.. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      134 - The Role of Organizational Capabilities in Reducing Technological Risks and Improving the Market Performance of Knowledge Companies by Mediating role of Technology Intelligence
      Mohammad hataminejad Mohsen Akbari Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary
      10.52547/jstpi.20679.16.61.12
      20.1001.1.17355486.1398.16.61.1.6
      Nowadays knowledge-based companies are regarded as an important tool in economic development, and since in the current market, dynamic technological envirorments compel companies to seek smart and responsive solutions to this turbulent environment. The rapid rate of tec More
      Nowadays knowledge-based companies are regarded as an important tool in economic development, and since in the current market, dynamic technological envirorments compel companies to seek smart and responsive solutions to this turbulent environment. The rapid rate of technological change puts knowledge-based companies at risk; therefore, in order to be efficient and effective in the field of technology, they must acquire the capabilities necessary for business product changes, materials, processes, and technologies. Organizational capabilities and technology intelligence are some of the tools that help companies adapt to technological environment. The purpose of this study is descriptive and the method of data gathering is, library and qualitative type based on content analysis. From the descriptive-analytical approach to content description and evaluation, 63 articles were selected that are closely related to the research topic and finally. According to the minimum number needed to generalize the results, according to experts and academic staff, 30 of the most relevant articles were analyzed as target community articles. In this study, qualitative content analysis method with summary approach was used. Organizing qualitative data in the analysis of this research has been done in three stages of initial coding, open coding and selective coding. the present study examines the role of organizational capabilities in reducing technological risk and knowledge based on knowledge and knowledge of knowledge - based businesses, examines the role of organizational capabilities in reducing technological risks and improving the market performance of knowledge firms by mediating the more efficient and developing competition and improving the new products and services. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      135 - Identification of Effective Factors in Accepting Internet Objects from the Perspective of Users using the TAM Supplemental Model Presented in the Gao and Bai Model. Case Study: Customers of Iran Mobile Communications Company
      Mohammad Kargar sharif abad mohsen gerami ahmadali yazdanpanah
      10.7508/jstpi.2019.02.001
      20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.58.7.3
      The markets for mobile operators are changing rapidly and increasingly competitive, and for quick and effective responses to change customer needs in these markets, in order to remain at high levels of competition, operators are continually looking for ways to Overcomin More
      The markets for mobile operators are changing rapidly and increasingly competitive, and for quick and effective responses to change customer needs in these markets, in order to remain at high levels of competition, operators are continually looking for ways to Overcoming rivals. Utilizing the valuable opportunity of Internet technology to create competitive advantage as the largest mobile phone operator in the Middle East is one of the key issues affecting customer satisfaction and preservation, and ultimately gaining market share in the current competitive market. In this research, using the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and adding three factors of technology, social context and individual characteristics, and creating a model for accepting Internet technology, the objects of existing hypotheses were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the adoption of Internet technology of objects. For this purpose, 384 data from the first company customers were collected through a questionnaire. The data of this research have been analyzed using Smart PLS software and Structural Equation Method. According to the results obtained in this research, factors affecting the acceptance of Internet technology of objects among first-time subscribers, perceived usefulness, effects Social, pleasure and behavioral control. Meanwhile, behavioral control variable is felt and social impact has the greatest impact on adoption of this technology. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      136 - Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Combined Viral Marketing Method with the Network Clustering Method and Comparing the Results
      fereydoun ohadi mehrnoosh mohammadi Mohammad Jafar Tarokh
      10.7508/jstpi.2019.02.008
      20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.58.8.4
      In a Competitive Market, Understanding Customer Demand and Effective Advertising is one of the most Important Factors in Survival. Extend the Internet and virtual networks have provided a great opportunity for companies to advertise, and thus studying electronic marketi More
      In a Competitive Market, Understanding Customer Demand and Effective Advertising is one of the most Important Factors in Survival. Extend the Internet and virtual networks have provided a great opportunity for companies to advertise, and thus studying electronic marketing methods and models is of great importance. One of the newest marketing methods is viral marketing that is based on mouth-to-mouth advertising and has a lot of power. Viral marketing relies on the principle that on any social network, a number of users have high power and influence on others, and by identifying them and creating good advertising messages, They can be used to effectively marketing. Therefore, The identification of important users is considered the most important activity in viral marketing. In this regard, various studies have been conducted to identify users using a variety of graph-based and publish-based methods. In this research, the capabilities of both methods have been used and by Using a semi-localized centrality criterion based on graph-based methods and Markov clustering model based on propagation methods, a new hybrid model for user clustering and identification of key users presented. The results show higher correlation between the proposed method and the SIR standard and, therefore, its higher efficiency than other methods used in the research. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      137 - Smart Farming Based on Internet of Things
      GholamReza  Farrokhi Mahboobeh Gapeleh
      10.52547/jstpi.20750.15.59.29
      20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.8.6
      Nowadays, with the increasing population of the world and the need for food on the one hand and the scarcity of water, energy and arable land on the other hand, traditional agriculture is no longer responsive to the food demand of the world population, so smart farming More
      Nowadays, with the increasing population of the world and the need for food on the one hand and the scarcity of water, energy and arable land on the other hand, traditional agriculture is no longer responsive to the food demand of the world population, so smart farming has become more and more popular. The IoT is a new technology that is capable of providing many solutions for modernizing agriculture. IoT provides reliable information on the seed to be sown, the seed rate, the best time to plant and harvest, as well as the prediction of the amount of crop to be harvested. In this article, by studying research and research through library data collection and the study of scientific resources in the field of IoT, as well as the infrastructure required for deployment, we discuss the potentials and capabilities of this technology In the field of agriculture. The present study reviews the benefits of using IoT in smart agriculture such as increasing crop yields due to proper planning of seed planting time, crop harvesting, water use optimization. Planning to apply appropriate irrigation methods according to the amount of water required for each plant and each climatic zone, identifying pests and plant diseases at the real time, and alerting the farmer to the necessary decisions and actions to be taken. Pest utilization of information obtained from sensors established in the field is another benefit that has been addressed in this study. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      138 - The Challenges of Project Management of Complex Products and Systems
      zahra noori Mojtaba Azizi
      10.52547/jstpi.20792.16.62.1
      20.1001.1.17355486.1399.16.62.2.3
      Complex products and systems (CoPS) are products, systems, services and infrastructure assets that are costly and require advanced technology and are known as capital goods. The technological complexity of CoPS is an important competitive advantage, for companies and ev More
      Complex products and systems (CoPS) are products, systems, services and infrastructure assets that are costly and require advanced technology and are known as capital goods. The technological complexity of CoPS is an important competitive advantage, for companies and even governments. As these products are customized, the development of them is considered as projects. In compare to common projects, the difference in the nature of the CoPS products has led to some differences in managing them. In this study, we are going to explore the differences in the CoPS projects and how they are managed by exploring the comprehensive CoPs literature review from the project management perspective. In the initial search, 84 papers were identified. After studying abstracts, the number of related articles was reduced to 22. After studying articles, we classified them and examined how to managed CoPS projects. According to the results, managing CoPS projects are diffrent from some aspects such as integration management, communication management, scope management, project planning and control, time and cost management, risk management and stakeholder management in compared to common projects. Organizations should consider these differences in managing CoPS projects. The results also indicate that the number of studies carried out on CoPS projects is not very high, especially in Iran. The most important identified gap research is the lack of applied studies in various industries, including communications, defense industries, and so on. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      139 - Comparative Study, Applications and Challenges of Big Data Analysis Technologies
      Yaser Ghasemi nejad Abbass Ketabchi
      10.52547/jstpi.20796.15.60.66
      20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.60.7.7
      oday, receiving and sharing information is easier and cheaper than before, enabling organizations to handle large volumes of data at a high speed and variety in the name of big data. Big data technology provides many opportunities when problems are resolved correctly. D More
      oday, receiving and sharing information is easier and cheaper than before, enabling organizations to handle large volumes of data at a high speed and variety in the name of big data. Big data technology provides many opportunities when problems are resolved correctly. Data processing technologies in the past are not suitable for dealing with large quantities of generated data. While Suggested frameworks for big data applications help to store, analyze and process data. In this study, we first reviewed and summarized the big data definitions, and challenges of using it and then a number of important big data frameworks (Hadoop, Flink, Storm, Spark and Samza) have been studied and compared comparatively. The studied framework of big data is generally classified into two categories: (1) batch mode; and (2) stream mode. The Hadoop framework processes data in batch mode, while other frameworks allow stream or real time processing. Ultimately, the most important applications of using big data technology have been described. The most important applications for big data analysis are healthcare applications, advisory systems, smart cities and social networks analysis. Due to the growth of Internet-connected devices, social networking data is growing widely and requires more big data technology. Also, the most challenges of big data application, including confidentiality in storage systems, software deficiencies and the limitation of existing hardware and equipment, the need for large initial investment and the lack of technical skills and expert workforce. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      140 - Investigating the Role of Computer-based Design Technologies in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Architectural Design Related Activities (Case Study: Using Building Information Modeling (BIM))
      Mohammadhossein Azizibabani afsaneh zarkesh Mohammadreza Bemanian
      10.52547/jstpi.20874.17.65.56
      20.1001.1.17355486.1399.17.65.4.4
      Environmental problems with economic and social inequalities caused by the industrial revolution led to intensifying the rise of movements and ideas in the second half of the 20th century to achieve a balanced development in different fields, which can be referred to as More
      Environmental problems with economic and social inequalities caused by the industrial revolution led to intensifying the rise of movements and ideas in the second half of the 20th century to achieve a balanced development in different fields, which can be referred to as sustainable development theory. Achieving the goals of sustainable development in the field of architecture requires attention to all environmental, economic, and social aspects. Studies have shown that sustainable architecture, especially later-related movements, which utilize modern technologies in design and construction fields, are more suited to such goals. In this regard, computer-based design technologies, as effective instruments, played a significant role in achieving sustainability goals. This research investigates the amount of the effects of building information modeling (BIM) applications in different stages of the design process on achieving sustainability goals. The research method is descriptive-analytic. So indicators related to the use of BIM in sustainability achievement were collected through the library sources and case studies that contain sustainable buildings, which were designed using BIM applications. Then, by performing a hierarchical analysis based on the criteria derived from theoretical foundations, the authors concluded that the major BIM effects in achieving sustainability are due to the possibility of using dynamic analysis in the early stages of the design process, particularly the conceptual design stage as well as the establishment of effective interactions between engineers and other stakeholders. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      141 - Big IoT Data from the Perspective of Smart Agriculture
      Bahareh Jamshidi Hossein  Dehghanisani
      10.52547/jstpi.20875.16.63.12
      20.1001.1.17355486.1399.16.63.7.0
      Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging technology in the field of Information and Communication Technology is the next revolution related to the Internet application. IoT focuses on the communication of things such as sensors, drivers, devices, etc., with data collecti More
      Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging technology in the field of Information and Communication Technology is the next revolution related to the Internet application. IoT focuses on the communication of things such as sensors, drivers, devices, etc., with data collection capability controlling remote communication rather than focusing on the communication between people. Development of smart solutions and new technologies of IoT in agriculture can pave the way to a new paradigm of farming called “Smart Agriculture” by making a fundamental change in all aspects of current practices. IoT-based Smart Agriculture can improve agricultural productivity with more food production through the optimal utilization of the basic resources, minimizing environmental impacts, reducing the costs, and increasing the incomes with linking to the business market that facilitates sustainable agricultural development goals. IoT-based data is a collection of large data called “Big Data” that cannot be processed and managed by traditional databases and conventional management tools. IoT and Big Data technologies are interconnected and it can be predicted that the future of optimal agriculture in the world would not be possible to meet the food demand and sustainability of production without these technologies and Smart Agriculture. This article introduces IoT and Big Data technologies, as well as the relationship between them from the vision of Smart Agriculture. Moreover, the article aims to assist in the decision-making of the strategy from the pre-production stage to the business marketing in the country by assessing life cycle and technology trends. Some of the big IoT data applications in the Smart Agriculture cycle are also introduced. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      142 - Study Validity and Reliability of Digital Citizenship Scale in Birjand City
      Sadegh Hamedinasab Someyyeh Bakhshiparikhani
      10.52547/jstpi.20903.17.68.34
      20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.68.1.1
      Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose o More
      Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of digital citizenship scale in Birjand city. The statistical population of this study was all individuals aged 18 years and older in Birjand city, of which 384 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The instrument used in this research is a digital citizen questionnaire, Chui, Glassman and Kristol (2017). Content validity of the Persian version was verified according to the opinion of the experts. Factor structure of digital citizenship questionnaire was investigated using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 substances have high yields in more than one factor; these materials were eliminated, and finally the final model included four factors; Internet political activity, technological skills, critical and local-global awareness. It came out with 22 substances. For reliability of this tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which coefficient for its components was 0.79- 0.99. Given that the validity and reliability indicators of the Persian version of the Digital Citizen scale were all favorable, it can be used as a valid and reliable tool to identify digital citizens. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      143 - South Korea as a suitable model for national planning in the development of blockchain technology ecosystem
      Mohammad Kazem  Sayadi Atefe Farazmand
      10.52547/jstpi.20958.17.68.62
      20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.68.2.2
      Blockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to t More
      Blockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to technical infrastructure developers, leading to reliable transactions between nodes that are not necessarily trustworthy. Blockchain as a disruptive technology will affect the economy and governance in societies. Different blockchains run different governance mechanisms. All blockchains fall into a range that ranges from completely public and unlicensed blockchains such as Bitcoin to completely private and licensed blockchains. Blockchain, which is the basic technology of cryptocurrencies, will establish a new economic system by making deep changes in our communication methods over the Internet. This technology will change information security, transparency and governance. Due to the emphasis of this technology on security, trust and transparency, different sectors and different vertical businesses tend to use this technology. With the expansion of the use of this technology in different companies and countries, it is necessary to determine the country's plan to manage this technology. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the development of the blockchain ecosystem in the country. In this article, we review the plan and strategy of South Korea as a model for the development of this technology in our country. Then, using the program of this country, we will present the requirements for developing the blockchain ecosystem in our country. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      144 - Investigating the Barriers to e-Commerce using Interpretive Structural Modeling
      Hooman Shababi Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani peyman ghafari Ashtiani
      10.52547/jstpi.20959.18.69.64
      20.1001.1.17355486.1400.18.69.2.7
      The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied More
      The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied research in terms of descriptive-survey method. The research statistical population is 12 experts of Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. Due to the limited number, the census method was used and research questionnaires were provided to all experts and managers of the company. In this study, first, a wide range of barriers to e-commerce were identified qualitatively through an in-depth review of the background. Then, by surveying 12 experts through structural-interpretive modeling method, the obstacles related to the study area for leveling and the relevant structural-interpretive model were identified using MATLAB software. Then, using pairwise comparisons, DEMATEL and ISM techniques have been used to determine the causal relationships between variables and their levels. The results indicate that the component of technological infrastructure and technology is at the highest level, which was recognized as the most effective component in this research, and at the lowest level, the component of technical infrastructure is the most effective component of this research, and This result seems to be logical in our country as well. In countries like Iran, which are moving towards industrialization, it may be a little difficult to use the latest technologies in the world. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      145 - Examining the Influencing Factors on Online Travel Purchase Intention, Using Technology Acceptance Model Extension
      seyed mehdi mirmehdi Danial  Molaei
      10.52547/jstpi.21016.18.71.9
      20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.71.1.4
      Online travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize custo More
      Online travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize customers’ behavior and effecting factors to find their strength and weaknesses in marketing and find customers’ demands; this subsequently leads to customer loyalty and an increase in their profit. Previous researches largely concentrated on Davis’s technology acceptance model, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. In this research by using technology acceptance model, 10 hypotheses were tested to analyze their impact on online travel purchase. In this descriptive – survey research, a questionnaire consists of 35 questions distributed online. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts’ comments and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach alpha. A sample of 250 were analyzed and the results indicate attitude, perceived usefulness, trust, and price have a meaningful relationship with online purchase intention. Secondly, perceived usefulness and trust have impact on attitude about online travel purchase. Separately perceived ease of use showed no significant relationship with attitude and online travel purchase. Results on perceived privacy suggest that it has a meaningful relationship with trust in online travel purchase, contrarily it has no significant impact on online travel purchase intention. . Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      146 - Effect of Value co- Creation on the New Services Development: The Mediator Role of Intra-Organizational Coordination and Moderating Role of Technological Experience
      masoud parsa Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Mohammad Rahim Ramzanian
      10.61186/jstpi.21035.19.73.45
      20.1001.1.17355486.1401.19.73.2.2
      Globalization and high-tech processes, through information technology, have doubled the pressure on service organizations in the private and public sectors to compete in new services. In developed economies, the service sector is responsible for most employment and valu More
      Globalization and high-tech processes, through information technology, have doubled the pressure on service organizations in the private and public sectors to compete in new services. In developed economies, the service sector is responsible for most employment and value-added growth. As a result, more extensive studies on the development of new services and the factors influencing it are becoming more important. On the other hand, value creation is a new concept in business, marketing and innovation of organizations that has been considered with the aim of creating a competitive advantage to maintain the survival of organizations. Sharing value creation is actually the process of creating value through the interactions of organizations with other organizations, employees, customers and other partners in the market and today is the focus of managers of service organizations including the banking and insurance industry, which are central pillars of economies. The present study seeks to provide a model to investigate the impact of shared value creation directly and indirectly on the development of new services, the impact of internal coordination as a mediating factor between the two variables of value creation and new service development as well as technology experience variable as moderator of internal coordination in 41 branches. It has been done from the central branches of banks and insurance companies of Boroujerd city. This research is of an applied type with a survey strategy. Data were collected through a questionnaire and also structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The results show that the creation of shared value has both a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on the development of new services. Also, the mediating role of intra-organizational coordination and moderation of technology experience was confirmed. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      147 - Investigating the structure and evolution of the innovation network of catching-up countries in the field of solar energy using patent citations analysis
      Mahboubeh Nourizadeh Tahereh Saheb Shaghayegh Sahraee Ali Maleki
      10.52547/jstpi.24265.18.72.52
      20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.2.7
      Over the past three decades, research has focused on how and under what conditions latecomers have been able to become major producers of new technologies, such as renewable energy, and make technological catch-up in this area. This is emphasized for developing countrie More
      Over the past three decades, research has focused on how and under what conditions latecomers have been able to become major producers of new technologies, such as renewable energy, and make technological catch-up in this area. This is emphasized for developing countries because, on the one hand, the greatest growth in energy demand in the coming years will be in these countries, and on the other hand, it is a green window of opportunity for other developing countries to learn and work towards catching-up in these areas. In this research, from the perspective of global innovation networks, the technological approach was investigated by analyzing the structure and evolution of the solar energy innovation network using patent citation analysis. For this purpose, patents in this field were extracted and cleared from the Derwent Innovation over a period 1980-2017. Then, a citation network was formed and the topological structure and country-level indicator were examined using social network analysis methods. The results showed that countries that were able to gradually increase their absorption capacity by joining the global innovation network and moving in the path of technology of leading countries by increasing citations to their patents, could able to be producers of knowledge and granted high quality patents which have been increasingly cited by other countries. These countries found a special place in the network as intermediaries for the diffusion of technology and succeeded in technological catch-up. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      148 - Legal Study of Dynamic Pricing Strategy in Companies Providing Intelligent Transportation Services with Emphasis on Snapp Application
      Mansour Amini Sadegh Sayyadi
      10.61186/jstpi.33195.19.74.88
      20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.4.0
      E-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new ele More
      E-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new electronic tools that make them different from other businesses. Intelligent agents, which act as tools for technology-driven companies, are responsible for the dynamic pricing of their products and services. In this pricing model, which is often done completely without the intervention of human operators and automatically (intelligently), electronic tools price by analyzing various factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and legal effects of this pricing model in companies providing intelligent transportation services. The present article has been done by analytical-descriptive and library methods. Dynamic pricing model has advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional model; Advantages: 1- Transparency in Costs Declaration, 2- Facilitates and Accelerates the provision of Transportation Services, 3- Reduces Costs. Disadvantages: 1- Absolute authority of the company in determining and paying costs to drivers, 2- Impossibility and unpredictability of monitoring the design and performance of applications of companies that use this pricing model, 3- Lack of appropriate and specific laws and regulations for possible violations. Based on the findings of this study, the existing regulations are not sufficient to address the challenges and possible violations in relation to the dynamic pricing model, and it is necessary to review and amend the regulations and formulate appropriate solutions in this regard. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      149 - Evaluation of Risk Indicators Affecting Consumer TV Shopping Behavior
      Bagher Asgarnezhad Nouri Ebrahim Ebrahimzadeh Allahyar Beigi Firoozi
      TV shopping is a form of non-store business that, despite its remarkable growth and optimistic outlook, has more of its negative aspects. Consumers worry about buying a product from "anonymous" sellers without physically testing the products. Therefore, it is assumed th More
      TV shopping is a form of non-store business that, despite its remarkable growth and optimistic outlook, has more of its negative aspects. Consumers worry about buying a product from "anonymous" sellers without physically testing the products. Therefore, it is assumed that people may feel a certain degree of risk when buying a product online. Accordingly, the current study aims to assess the risk indicators affecting the behavior of television purchases in Iran. To have this type of purchase, was selected. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used online and the data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling method in Smart Pls software. According to the research literature, 6 types of risks that could affect consumers' TV buying behavior were identified, and based on the results, it was determined that financial, operational and time risks affect shopping behavior. Based on the results, it can be said that the perception of risk in TV shopping affects consumer buying behavior and high level of this risk (s) can prevent the purchase of goods through this channel, so TV marketers need to be diligent in identifying, reducing and minimizing the risks perceived by the consumer by building trust and confidence. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      150 - The Effects of Blockchain Technology on the Accounting and Auditing profession
      Payam Noori Doabi ghodratollah taleb nia
      10.61186/jstpi.34218.19.76.25
      20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.5.5
      After the Internet, blockchain technology has become a key factor in creative and innovative ideas and solutions in the financial sector due to its wide application potential and its numerous implementations. The advent of blockchain creates new opportunities and challe More
      After the Internet, blockchain technology has become a key factor in creative and innovative ideas and solutions in the financial sector due to its wide application potential and its numerous implementations. The advent of blockchain creates new opportunities and challenges for ongoing auditing and real-time accounting. Blockchain, as a digital ledger in accounting and a large database for recording and processing decentralized distributed Internet-based data and peer-to-peer interactive networks, is based on consensus; which is accompanied by an innovative approach to business models, intermediaries, and stakeholders; but in many centers it is still shrouded in mystery. Therefore, considering the impact of the environment on accounting and auditing as well as the increasing development of technology, this research with a library method and with practical purposes to identify, promote and use blockchain technology, to describe and examine the features, benefits, applications, and limitations Blockchain technology and its effects on the accounting and auditing profession. The results of this study highlight the necessity, importance, impact and position of blockchain technology in the accounting and auditing profession due to the characteristics of this technology such as greater information transparency, disclosure, timeliness, reliability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, risk reduction, elimination of intermediaries, Demonstrates easy and fast access, and immutability of information. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      151 - Improve security in cloud computing infrastructure using block chain protocol
      Mohsen Gerami Vahid Yazdanian Siavash Naebasl
      10.61186/jstpi.34504.19.76.1
      20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.7.7
      Security in cloud computing is very important, cloud computing security is a set of computer security and network security in general is information security and when a processing task by using the virtual machine scheduling algorithm in the cloud for processing Unloadi More
      Security in cloud computing is very important, cloud computing security is a set of computer security and network security in general is information security and when a processing task by using the virtual machine scheduling algorithm in the cloud for processing Unloading will be This virtual machine will not be able to distinguish the normal mobile user from attackers, thus violating the privacy and security of the transmitted data, so after determining the unloading strategy, the China block can be used in information security. And the information of each server is encapsulated and unloaded in the form of a block. In this research, a proposed solution is presented, which is the combination of China blockchain and cloud computing to increase security and efficiency. The proposed solution is implemented and evaluated in order to evaluate its efficiency increase compared to other existing solutions. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      152 - Designing a Digital Transformation Strategy Framework for the Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on Internet of Things Technology and Data Analytics
      Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhan
      10.61186/jstpi.40120.19.74.42
      20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.7.3
      The current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundament More
      The current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed in exploratory type; According to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. Data collection in the qualitative part was done with semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from universities and the road freight transportation industry of Iran who were selected using the purposive sampling method and the principle of saturation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in quantitative part and the opinions of 170 employees of this industry who were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method were obtained. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with Delphi technique, literature review and coding. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling, and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. The fifth step of the design science method was done by testing the designed strategy framework in a company in the relevant industry. The results showed that the digital transformation strategy includes two managerial and operational strategies. Also, the consequences, influencing factors, mechanisms, facilitators and obstacles were presented in this framework. Based on the results, among the components of the framework, management strategies need to be further strengthened. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      153 - Investigating the effect of perceived value on resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry
      yazdan shirmohamadi Mohadese kokabi Seyyed Mohammad Hadi Qazi Tabatabaei
      10.61186/jstpi.41425.19.76.14
      20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.8.8
      This study aims to provide a conceptual model to understand the factors affecting the resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry by combining and developing previous models. This research used survey method using questionnaire tool to co More
      This study aims to provide a conceptual model to understand the factors affecting the resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry by combining and developing previous models. This research used survey method using questionnaire tool to collect information and also used structural equation modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach for statistical analysis. The findings of this research first develop the theoretical and theoretical relationship between concepts such as perceived value and resistance and secondly examine and study this relationship in the context in which managers and activists of the tourism sector operate. In the first stage, the conceptual model of this research is based on the model presented by Walsh et al [1]. The discussion about the research findings shows that the benefits of substitution in the minds of managers and activists of the tourism sector are much stronger than the costs of substitution of blockchain technology. Also, the simplicity of the infrastructure is one of the key factors that has a high impact on understanding the benefits of replacement as well as the perceived value. Examining the role of perceived functional advantage and perceived image in the formation of alternative benefits is one of the innovations of this research in the research related to the application of blockchain technology in the tourism sector. So it can be concluded that in order to reduce resistance to blockchain technology, managers should emphasize more on the advantages of this technology. Manuscript profile

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