Extracting the Performance Indicators Based on BSC Model for SMEs Residing in Technology Incubators
Subject Areas : Science and Technology Parks and IncubatorsIman Shariat 1 , Reza Ghanbari 2 * , Seyed Mousa Siadati 3 , Saed Sedigh 4
1 -
2 - Ferdosi University
3 -
4 -
Keywords: Performance Evaluation Knowledge-based Company SME Incubator BSCs Model,
Abstract :
Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the community. In order to improve the impact of these supports, STPs and incubators periodically evaluate the activities of residents and, after identifying strengths and weaknesses, provide services tailored to each company's needs. However, it is worthy to ask, what indicators should the evaluation system include that can reflect a true and more comprehensive picture of the company's condition with presenting the company's core needs to the incubator manager? Therefore, in this research some general models of performance evaluation have been reviewed, and because of the benefits of BSC model, especially its compatibility to manufacturing SMEs, this system has been used for the principle of the current study. Then, based on 17 years experience of Khorasan Science and Technology Park in unlocking the region's manufacturing potential, and the opinions of experts in other incubators in the country and around the world, 104 critical indicators have been identified in evaluating the manufacturing SMEs. These indicators also were ranked using U Mann Whitney and Friedman statistical tests. The results showed that the "customer and market" is more important than the other three perspectives in BSC model, and "Market research" and "CEO capability and expertise" are the most important indicators and sub-indicators, respectively.
1- تاری، مهدیه، محمود مرادی و مصطفی ابراهیم‌پور، بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رشد و موفقیت شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان، فصلنامه رشد فناوری: 1-15، 1395.
2- معاونت پژوهش و فناوری وزارت علوم، 1399، https://drt.msrt.ir
3- باقری، مسلم، حسن پولادی، مهرداد کیانی، شناسایی و رتبه‌بندي مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در ارزیابی عملکرد دانشگران شرکت‌هاي دانش‌بنیان (مطالعه موردی: یک شرکت ICT)، مجله بهبود مدیریت: 115-136، 1394.
4- افشار جهانشاهی، اصغر، ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت سیمان داراب براساس مدل تعالی مالکوم بالدریج، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، 1385.
5- قدرتیان کاشان، سید عبدالجابر، علی‌اصغر انواری رستمی، طراحی مدل جامع ارزیابی عملکرد و رتبه‌بندی شرکت‌ها، مجله مدیریت، 1383.
6- شريعتي، رضا؛ افخمي اردكاني، مهدي. شناسايي و اولويت‌بندي شاخص‌هاي ارزيابي عملکرد مراکز تحقيق و توسعه براساس مدل كارت امتيازي متوازن. ماهنامه علمی- ترویجی اکتشاف و تولید نفت و گاز، شماره 137، ص 25-32، 1395.
7- رضائی‌نور، جلال؛ عنایتی، فرزانه. ارائه مدلی برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای مرکز رشد با ترکیب روش‌های کارت امتیازی متوازن، تحلیل شبکه‌ای و پرومته. فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری، دوره سوم، شماره 5، تابستان 1395، ص 75-98، 1395.
8- ادیب‌نیا، فضل‌اله؛ حسینی، محمدرضا. شاخص‌های ارزیابی شرکت‌های مستقر در مراکز رشد. فصلنامه تخصصی پارک‌ها و مراکز رشد، ص 26-31، 1390.
9- ملک‌زاده، غلامرضا، ارزیابی موفقیت عملکرد مراکز رشد و پارک‌های علم و فناوری، فصلنامه رشد فناوری 3، 1384.
10- Claudiu Cicea, Ion Popa, C. Marinescu, and S. Cătălina Ștefan. Determinants of SMEs’ performance: evidence from European countries. Economic Research- Ekonomska Istraživanja 32 (1): 1602-1620, 2019.
11- European Commission. http://www.insme.org/the-annual-report- on- european- smes. (Accessed 7 Dec. 2019)
12- Singh, S., E. U. Olugu, and S. N. Musa. Development of Sustainable Manufacturing Performance Evaluation Expert System for Small and Medium Enterprises. Procedia CIRP 40: 608–613, 2016.
13- Phan, P. H., D. S. Siegel, and M. Wright. Science parks and incubators: Observations, synthesis and future research. J. Bus. Ventur 20 (2): 165–182, 2005.
14- Schwartz, M. A control group study of incubators’ impact to promote firm survival. J. Technol. Transf. 38 (3): 302-331, 2013.
15- Judge, T. A., G. R. Ferris, and G. R. Ferris. Social Context of Performance Evaluation Decisions, Acad. Manag. J. 36(1): 80–105, 2015.
16- Shaout, A., and Mohamed K. Yousif. Performance Evaluation – Methods and Techniques Survey. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology 3 (5), 2014.
17- Lonbani, Mahshid, S. Sofian, M. B. Barato. Review of Using Balanced Scorecard among SMEs. International Management Accounting Conference 7. December, 2014.
18- Madsen, D., and T. Stenheim. The Balanced Scorecard: A Review of Five Research Areas. American Journal of Management 15(2): 24-41, 2015.
19- Lueg, R., and P. Julner. How are Strategy Maps Linked to Strategic and Organizational Change? A Review of the Empirical Literature on the Balanced Scorecard. Corporate Ownership & Control 11(4): 439-446, 2014.
20- Neely, A., J. Mills, K. Platts, M. Gregory, H. Richards,. Realizing strategy through measurement. International Journal of Operations & Production Management: 14(3), 140-52, 1994.
21- Neely, A., Gregory, M., J., Platts, K. Performance measurement system design: A literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(14), 1228-63, 2005.
22- Fawcett, S.E., P. Osterhaus, G.M. Magnan, J.C. Brau, and M. C. McCarter. Information sharing and supply chain performance: the role of connectivity and willingness. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 12(5): 358-368, 2007.
23- Villa A., Taurino T., 2019, A Framework for SME Performance Evaluation. In: Hamrol A., Kujawińska A., Barraza M. (eds) Advances in Manufacturing II. MANUFACTURING. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham, 2019.
24- Rojas- Lema, X, Alfaro- Saiz, J, Rodríguez, R & Verdecho, M., Performance measurement in SMEs: systematic literature review and research directions, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 2020.
25- Stojkic, Z & Bosnjak, I., An Overview of Performance Measurement Methods in SMEs, Proceedings of the 30th DAAAM International Symposium, pp.0518-0524, 2019.
26- Kaplan, R.S. and D.P Norton, 1996a. The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business Review.
27- Kefe, Irem. The determination of performance measures by using a balanced scorecard framework, Foundations of Management 11(1): 43-56, 2019.
28- Quesado, Patrícia, B. A. Guzmán, and L. L. Rodrigues. Advantages and contributions in the balanced scorecard implementation. Intangible Capital 14 (1): 186-201. 2018.
29- Andersen, H., I. Cobbold, and G. Lawrie. Balanced Scorecard Implementation in SMEs: Reflection on Literature and Practice. 4th SME International Conference, Denmark, 2001.
30- Lonbani, Mahshid, S. Sofian, and M. B. Baroto. Linking Balanced Scorecard Measures to SMEs’ Business Strategy: Addressing the Moderating Role of Financial Resources. Int. J. Res 33 (1212): 92–99, 2015.
31- Chimwani, P.M., N. Onserio, and R.Otuya. Application of Strategic performance measures in Small and Medium Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Kenya: The Use of the Balanced Scorcard perspective. International Journal of Management Science and Business Research 6, 2013.
32- Vu Thi, Kim Anh, V. Thuy Duong, and H. Khanh Van. Using the Balanced Scorecard to Measure the Performance of Small and Medium- Sized Garment Enterprises in Vietnam, Accounting and Finance Research 7(3), 2018.
33- Hongmei, Chen, and M. Yujun. Knowledge Management for SMEs Based on the Balanced Scorecard. International Conference on Management and Service Science: 1-4, 2010.
34- Anjomshoae, Ali, A. Hassan, K. Y. Wong. An integrated AHP- based scheme for performance measurement in humanitarian supply chains, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65 (5): 938-957, 2019.
35- Perkins, M., A. Grey, and H. Remmers. What do we really mean by Balanced Scorecard? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 63 (2): 148–169, 2014.
36- Pérez, C. Álvarez, V. R. Montequín, F. Ortega- Fernández, J. V. Balsera. Integration of Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Strategy Map, and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for a Sustainability Business Framework: A Case Study of a Spanish Software Factory in the Financial Sector. Sustainability 9(4): 527, 2017.
37- Nakhaei Habibollah , Norhan Bnti Nik Intan Hamid, ‘’The relationship between economic value added, return on assets, and return on equity with market value added in Tehran stock exchange (TSE)’’, Proceedings of global business and finance research conference, 2013.
38- Shil, Nikhil Chandra. Performance measures: an application of economic value added. International journal of business and management 4 (3), 2009.
39- Ahmeti, Faruk, and N. Zeqiri. Organizational Loyalty and Commitment in Telecommunication Companies: Case of Kosovo. European Journal of Social Sciences 40 (1), 2013.
40- Ahmeti, Faruk, B. Marmullaku. Human resources management and practices in SMEs in developing countries: Practice KOSOVO. European Scientific Journal 11 (7), 2015.
41- Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy, L. Hayes, N. F. Krueger, and C. Maranville Madill. Planning to Grow? Exploring the Effect of Business Planning on the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SSRN Scholarly Paper, ID 2392921. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 2013.
42- Abbrey, Jochebed, D. A. Bagah, and J. K. Wulifan. The Relevance of Business Planning Document for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Tamale Metropolis, Northern Ghana. Journal of Business Administration and Education 7 (1): 34-80, 2015.
43- Bala, A K/Mata, I. Kabir, Impact of Training and Prior Entrepreneurial Experience on the Performance of YCV Training Centre, Bayero Journal of African Entrepreneurship Studies 1 (2), 2017.
44- Karlan, D., and M. Valdivia. Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of Business Training on Microfinance Clients and Institutions. Working Paper Series 107, Center for Global Development, Yale University, 2009.
45- Augsburg, B., R. de Haas, H. Harmgart, and C. Meghir. Microfinance at the Margin: Experimental Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina Mimeos. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2012.
46- Salavou, H., G. Baltas, and S. Lioukas. Organisational Innovation in SMEs: The Importance of Strategic Orientation and Competitive Structure. European Journal of Marketing 38 (9): 1091-1112, 2004.