About Journal
About the Journal
Introduction:
Technology Development (Roshd-e-Fanavari) is a journal of science and technology parks & incubators which is published by Rooyesh IT incubator (RITI), affiliated to Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR).
The aim of the Journal of Technology Development (JTD) is to foster the growth of research activities among the experts of science and technology parks and incubators, It also provides a medium for mutual communication between the government, academia and the industry on the one hand, and the world science and technology community on the other.
The principal language of the journal is Persian and English.
The Journal welcomes original research contributions (previously unpublished), lessons learned and the case studies that cover various aspects of Innovation, networking, incubators management, Incubators operational models, Technology commercialization, Entrepreneurship, Science & Technology Parks, Research & Development, Business models, Marketing, Benchmarking of incubators and STPs, SMEs and Venture Capitals. The journal also includes technical virtual/real discussion panels and round tables in field of science and technology parks and incubators.
Roshd-e-Fanavari is a member of COPE and endorses its guidelines, which are available at http://www.publicationethics.org
Journal Target Community:
The main target audiences of our journal are as follows:
- Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and Incubators;
- Universities;
- Research institutes & Academic centers;
- Executive policy makers in the field of technology.
Journal Objectives:
The aims and scopes of this journal are as follows:
1. Reflecting the best practices and view points of experts in the field of technology.
2. Providing information at national/international levels for science and technology parks and incubators.
3. Providing an environment for exchanging ideas and consultation expertise in the fields of science and technology.
4. Disseminating Experiences gathered from the results of technology commercialization.
5. Promoting innovation and entrepreneurship amongst STP related organizations and SMEs.
Ethical authorship and publication.
Principles of Ethical Publishing in the quarterly Journal of roshdefanavari:
- That the corresponding author has the approval of all other listed authors for the submission and publication of all versions of the manuscript.
- That all people who have a right to be recognized as authors have been included on the list of authors and everyone listed as an author has made an independent material contribution to the manuscript.
- That the work submitted in the manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere and is not presently under consideration of publication by any other journal. The oral or poster presentation of parts of the work and its publishing as a single page abstract does not count as prior publication for this purpose.
- That the material in the manuscript has been acquired according to modern ethical standards and does not contain material copied from anyone else without their written permission.
- That all material which derives from prior work, including from the same authors, is properly attributed to the prior publication by proper citation.
- That the manuscript will be maintained on the servers of the Journal and held to be a valid publication by the Journal only as long as all statements in these principles remain true.
- That if any of the statements above ceases to be true the authors have a duty to notify the journal as soon as possible so that the manuscript can be withdrawn.
Scientific Misconduct and Unethical Practices
The Roshdefanavari Journal accepts the definitions of plagiarism, fabrication and falsification, Scientific misconduct and unethical acts proposed in the:
- ACECR (Academic Center of Education and culture of Research),
- Ministry of science, Research and Technology,
- of Culture and Islamic Guidance,
The list below includes, but is not limited to, the following prohibited acts:
- Plagiarism, which includes the theft or misappropriation of intellectual property and the substantial unattributed textual copying of another's work. It does not include authorship or credit disputes. The theft or misappropriation of intellectual property includes the unauthorized use of ideas or unique methods obtained via a privileged communication, such as a grant or manuscript review. Substantial unattributed textual copying of another's work is defined as the unattributed verbatim or nearly verbatim copying of sentences and paragraphs which materially misleads the ordinary reader regarding the contributions of the author. It does not include the limited use of identical or nearly identical phrases which describe a commonly used methodology or previous research. The author must show the editor written permission to quote any information learned personally from another investigator or by reviewing applications for research grants. In the introduction, and especially in the discussion of a paper, the author should cite fairly the work of others that is relevant either to the origin or to the outcome of the research described, including references to original findings and seminal works.
- Fabrication, which includes making up results and recording or reporting them, in whole or in part.
- Falsification is manipulating research, materials, equipment or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. It includes the suppressing or altering of data not in agreement with one's hypothesis.
- Redundant or duplicate publication, which includes the submission of a paper, or portion thereof, that overlaps with one already submitted or published. An author may not submit reports of the same or substantially overlapping research to more than one journal at the same time, unless the author can justify it in letters to both editors.
- Submission of animal or clinical research conducted without the approval of the institutional animal care and use committee or review board.
- Honorary authorship is not permitted in The Roshdefanavari Journal. Honorary authorship is the inclusion of authors who have not met The Roshdefanavari Journal’s definition of authors as described above. An author's signature on the copyright release form submitted with the manuscript and included in the byline of the manuscript indicates that the author agrees to share responsibility and accountability for the results. Alleged misconduct against an author on a manuscript will automatically entail investigation of all co-authors.
Latest published articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Identifying And Prioritizing The Factors Affecting The Success Of University Entrepreneurship With Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach
ali Morovati elham mofatehzadeh mehrdad kianiIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022Todays, university plays an important role in the knowledge-based economy and the innovation cycle, while it can be considered as a driving force of human knowledge and pursues the growth and excellence of societies. In this field, the entrepreneurial university plays a Full TextTodays, university plays an important role in the knowledge-based economy and the innovation cycle, while it can be considered as a driving force of human knowledge and pursues the growth and excellence of societies. In this field, the entrepreneurial university plays an important role both as a producer and as a knowledge disseminating institution. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the success of university entrepreneurship. The orientations of this research are a combination of applied and developmental research. The philosophical basis of this research is positivism and in terms of approach, it is inductive. The research strategy is also survey type and in terms of method, it is considered as a quantitative research. The statistical population includes all professors and administrators of Yazd University that using purposive sampling method, 10 people were selected who participated in the prioritization stage of each factor using the hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The results showed that 33 factors in educational, research, organizational, economic, inter-organizational, cultural and human dimensions, among which the factors of financial and moral support of the government for entrepreneurial activities of universities, the amount of budget allocated by the university for research and development activities, support of senior university administrators for people with ideas, attracting financial support from independent institutions, large companies and external resources, and development of ideas, plans and business models, respectively are most important effective factors are the success of university entrepreneurship. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
2 - The Protection of New Technological Methods of Business in the Patent System
hossein sadeghi Mahdi NaserIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of paten Full TextUntil the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of patent. However, along with technological developments and the development of new business methods based on computer technologies, electronic communication tools, e-commerce models and apps, legal and judicial developments have limited the scope of this exception and accepted the possibility of registering business methods that would lead to the creation of a new and practical technical effect. In this article, using Descriptive-analytical research method, based on the data obtained from the library study, while examining the existing capacities and challenges in the legal system of Iran, the situation in some other legal systems such as the United States and the procedure of the European Patent Office has been examined. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
3 - Using Internet Of Things Technology For Make Smart Tourism Attractions And Destinations
Khadije Kaveh Maryam Nekooeezade Moslem AlimohammadloIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022Given that tourism is one of the most important industries in the present era, the use of modern technologies to meet the needs of growth and development of this industry seems inevitable. On the other hand, today, in order to increase economic growth and job creation, Full TextGiven that tourism is one of the most important industries in the present era, the use of modern technologies to meet the needs of growth and development of this industry seems inevitable. On the other hand, today, in order to increase economic growth and job creation, countries are looking for appropriate investments in their tourism. The Internet of Things is a modern and Smart technology that has led to the transformation and development of this industry by entering tourism. Many countries have moved towards using this modern and smart technology in their cities and tourism destinations and have been able to get good results from it, considering the investments they have made in this field. In this regard, the present study has been conducted with the aim of research on the use of IoT technology to smarten tourism attractions and destinations in the country. In this article, based on a review study and thematic analysis of research related to the Internet of Things in tourism and smart tourism destinations, as well as interviews with experts in the field of tourism and the Internet of Things, the most important applications of this smart technology in tourism achievements that help to make tourism attractions and destinations smarter. The findings can lead to the awareness of tourism activists who are familiar with this modern and Smart technology, as well as provide the necessary background to create the appropriate infrastructure for the implementation of this technology in tourism, as well as the program. Provide long-term and suitable investments to achieve this. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance with Role of Innovation Mediator and Learning Culture
Vahid Dalvand Reza Sepahvand Amir Houshang NazaripourIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on competitive advantage and organizational performance with the mediating role of innovation and learning culture among faculty members of Lorestan University. This research is descriptive Full TextThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on competitive advantage and organizational performance with the mediating role of innovation and learning culture among faculty members of Lorestan University. This research is descriptive in nature, with the exception of causal research, as well as a field research that is applied in the field of purpose. The statistical population of the study is 286 faculty members of Lorestan University. The random sampling method is proportional to the sample size and sample size according to the Morgan table and the number of 162 people. The data collection tool in this study is a standard questionnaire. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using Lisrel software and SPSS software. The innovation of this research is to measure the variables in the academic field. Research results indicate that ??intellectual capital on competitive advantage; intellectual capital on organizational performance; intellectual capital on innovation; intellectual capital on culture; innovation on competitive advantage; innovation on organizational performance; learning culture on competitive advantage; learning culture on organizational performance Intellectual Capital through Innovation on Competitive Advantage; Intellectual Capital through Innovation on Organizational Performance; Intellectual Capital through Learning Culture on Competitive Advantage; Intellectual Capital through the Learning Culture has a direct impact on organizational performance. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Role of Virtual Education in Reproducing Educational Inequality in the Corona
sina torkashvand mohammad minaei nezhad vahideh moradiyan mohammadeh fatemehsadat hashemiIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of virtual education in reproducing educational inequality during the Corona virus epidemic.. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Thus, in the first step, the challenges of e-learning in the country are Full TextThe aim of the present study is to investigate the role of virtual education in reproducing educational inequality during the Corona virus epidemic.. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Thus, in the first step, the challenges of e-learning in the country are analyzed, then the challenges in reproducing educational inequality in the Corona period are analyzed. The most important challenges of e-learning are distributing resources and facilities (spatial), the economic challenge, the gender challenge and the cultural challenge. Findings show that each of the challenges in the field of formal and public education has led to educational inequality. The challenge of distributing resources and facilities has led to lower quality of education in disadvantaged areas compared to the regions. The economic challenge has also created a class gap between deprived and privileged areas due to the low income level of people in deprived areas and the high cost of virtual educational aids. Gender challenges due to unequal use between men and women, most women have limitations in using e-learning. The cultural challenge is also due to the fact that the ruling classes have a larger share of cultural capital than other classes and are more able to deposit this type of capital in their children. The results show that the education system in the face of the challenges should consider measures and mechanisms, because until the challenges of advancing virtual education in the formal and public education systems are not addressed , educational inequalities cannot be eliminated. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating and Explaining the Key Factors of IT Effectiveness in the Organization with Shannon Extra-Combination-Entropy Approach
Farshid Farokhizadeh Abbas Ali RastgarIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022Today, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organiz Full TextToday, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organizations during the Corona virus epidemic in order to provide better services and products without face-to-face referral to the clients / customers. In this resech, which is based on a combined approach, we use the existing information and documents as data. The statistical population of the study is 10 governmental organizations located in Alborz province.. In this article, in addition to introducing the proposed models for information technology acceptance and their classification, the effective factors in accepting new information technology in the studied government organizations to provide better services and products with the combined approach of transnational and Shannon entropy have been studied and identified. In this paper to determine these factors after identifying and introducing the types of existing models; Concepts, dimensions and indicators of the research have been extracted using the meta-combination method and ranked using the Shannon entropy method. The research results indicate that cooperation and coordination, environmental factors in technology acceptance, organizational factors, managerial factors, and human capital factors are in the first to fifth places respectively. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the Barriers to e-Commerce using Interpretive Structural Modeling
Hooman Shababi Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani peyman ghafari AshtianiIssue 69 , Volume 18 , Winter 2022The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied Full TextThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied research in terms of descriptive-survey method. The research statistical population is 12 experts of Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. Due to the limited number, the census method was used and research questionnaires were provided to all experts and managers of the company. In this study, first, a wide range of barriers to e-commerce were identified qualitatively through an in-depth review of the background. Then, by surveying 12 experts through structural-interpretive modeling method, the obstacles related to the study area for leveling and the relevant structural-interpretive model were identified using MATLAB software. Then, using pairwise comparisons, DEMATEL and ISM techniques have been used to determine the causal relationships between variables and their levels. The results indicate that the component of technological infrastructure and technology is at the highest level, which was recognized as the most effective component in this research, and at the lowest level, the component of technical infrastructure is the most effective component of this research, and This result seems to be logical in our country as well. In countries like Iran, which are moving towards industrialization, it may be a little difficult to use the latest technologies in the world. Manuscript Document
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - A Review of Knowledge-Based Economy: from the Formation to the Action; Case study: knowledge-based Economy in Iran
Abdollah Elm Khah Mahdi Sadeghi ShahdaniIssue 44 , Volume 11 , Autumn 2015Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. Full TextTheorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. Knowledge-based economy formed based on the production, distribution and application of knowledge and information. Therefore, investing in knowledge and knowledge-based industries got particular attentions. This paper reviews the literatures of knowledge-based economy due to its importance, and the emphasis of The Supreme Leader on special attentions of policy makers to implementation of it based on upstream documents. This article is provided according to the analytical and descriptive method based on available documents. The knowledge-based economy is addressed in the course of economic ideas, theories of knowledge-based economy, definitions, characteristics, advantages, elements, measuring indicators, policies of the knowledge-based economy in Iran, situation of Knowledge-based economy in Iran based on World Bank Index. At the end conclusion is presented. The results show that the fulfilling of the knowledge-based economy requires trained and skilled workforce, supportive government policies, making reform in society culture, efficient innovation system, indigenous knowledge, ICT, institutional and government stimulus, supporting intellectual property rights and so on. Although the World Bank 2005 report shows that there was a very significant imbalance between the indicators. By government efforts, the imbalance was declined slightly in 2007 and according to the latest World Bank report in 2012, Iran with an average 3/91 has gained the rank of 94 between 146 countries in terms of the knowledge-based economy. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
2 - Technology Growth, Learning Change
hamed abbasi kasani gholamreza shams mourkaniIssue 54 , Volume 14 , Spring 2018The emergence of information and communication technology has opened a new window to human and has affected different aspects of his personal and social life. People effort to use ICT in many different ways by increasing their knowledge in this filed, such as using ICT Full TextThe emergence of information and communication technology has opened a new window to human and has affected different aspects of his personal and social life. People effort to use ICT in many different ways by increasing their knowledge in this filed, such as using ICT in teaching and learning methods. ICT has a very important role in teaching and learning method. In fact, the role of ICT in evolving teaching and learning method is considerable. This paper aimed to investigate the ICT impact on the learning method changes. This study is a kind of review one. The library method and the deep study of available literature in related domestic and international essays and books in ICT field, Different learning method, the effect of ICT on learning, mobile learning, distance learning, correspondence learning, electronic learning, mobile learning, and blended learning are used to gather information. Research shows that the ICT progresses cause people move toward distance, lifelong, personalized and network learning apart from time and place. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
3 - Identify Indicators for Evaluating the Performance of Corporate Entrepreneurship
Saeed Safari Reza Abbasi Mozhgan Soltani AliabadIssue 46 , Volume 12 , Spring 2016Today, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of orga Full TextToday, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of organizations to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has been led to the creation of a certain territory of this concept that is called organizational entrepreneurship. As far as organizational entrepreneurship are transformed to one of the strategic approaches in organizations, to achieve high performance and great success. Choose this approach is effective for organizations when we can evaluate the results and provide organizational goals with proper management. So, having appropriate indicators to be used for the assessment of organizational entrepreneurship is very important. Therefore, this study seeks to identify appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance organizational entrepreneurship. For this purpose, after reviewing research literature, were extracted performance evaluation indicators, and with the help of the framework of EFQM Excellence Model, were classified in 9 categories. After refining the extracted indicators and removal of repetitive indicators, the 63 index that had remained, to determining the most important indicators, was placed in the hands of experts in the format of a questionnaire and Finally, by analyzing data obtained, were identified appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance. Results of present study, presented 29 indicators in nine criteria of: Leadership, Strategy, Employee, Partnerships and Resources, Processes, Products and Services, Customer Results, Employee Results, Society Results and Key Results; as the appropriate indicators to evaluating the performance of organizational entrepreneurship. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
4 - The Study of the Affecting Factors of Knowledge Based Firms’ Growth and Success
Mahdieh Tari Mahmod Moradi Mostafa Ebrahim pour AzbaryIssue 45 , Volume 12 , Winter 2016Nowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors Full TextNowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors causes this firms growth and success. The main purpose of this study is identifying the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success by use of qualitative study. In terms of purpose, this study is practical and the analytical methodology was used. For this purpose semi-structured interview by using thematic analyzing is conducted. Experts whom interviewed are 20 executive managers of top and successful knowledge based firms located in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT) (Sheikh Bahai) in the last three years. The review of literature, and the results of interviews showed 3main themes that classify the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success to 3 levels: individual, organizational and environmental. Based on the results, it seems that government and environmental conditions play a more important role in providing appropriate context for knowledge based firms’ growth and success. According to the interviews, view government and environmental conditions has main role in success and durability of knowledge based firms and spin-offs. Finally, based on the results, referring to existing shortcomings in the field of this firm’s activity and the main emphases of the experts, the necessary considerations for effective factors reinforcement has provided. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
5 - Assessment of Knowledge and Ability of Knowledge Workers in Knowledge Based Organizations using Shannon Human Potential Model
Abass Afrazeh Mohammad Alimoradi Sajad GolmohamadiIssue 46 , Volume 12 , Spring 2016Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organiza Full TextCreativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organizational structure in the form of giving authority from managers to lower levels are going to reach to economical efficiency, creativity and finally to a higher productivity. In this article looking at Hanson Theory about decentralizing strategies, we have identified equifinality (using different technologies, methods, and resources for reaching to a creatively predetermined and great result) as a loosely strategies of decentralization. Considering researches have been done in a context of creativity and equifinality as a Decentralized Management Approach, we can see lots of researchers referred to the importance necessity of this phenomenon as a one of open system characteristics to intensify creativity, competitiveness’ prosperity, and productivity. But a comprehensive research has not been observed in related with correlation of creativity and equifinality in industrial organizations’ subject in a special case. In this research with using content Analysis method, a new category of equifinality usages in organization that causes creativity results, have been attempted to represent by surveying the past studies in relation with “decentralized management and equifinality” and “equifinality and creativity”. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of decentralized management, equifinality and creativity, research's result subdivided in two dimensions accompanied with its components namely “equifinality and work process”, and “equifinality and structure”. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
6 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Strategic Agility in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza BandarianIssue 46 , Volume 12 , Spring 2016Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid tec Full TextResearch and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid technological changes. RTOs by development of proactive features on their interior can achieve to a special ability called "strategic agility". Strategic agility is the ability to reform, renovate and renewal the organization, business model and strategies to cope with environmental changes. In this paper, in order to develop a comprehensive framework to achieve strategic agility in RTOs, first, all of the previous research in the field of strategic agility in the last few years have been reviewed and then adapt and adjust to the nature, characteristics and requirements of RTOs, finally the seven dimensions (key factors) and thirty one index for strategic agility in RTOs extracted and has been defined. The seven key factors are strategic sensitivity, clear vision, selecting strategic technological knowledge goals, identifying key capabilities, seizing and exploitation, continuous technological innovation and being proactive. This model is based on the combination of both internal and external organizational approach, and provides the basis for the assessment of strategic agility in RTOs. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
7 - Suitable Organizational Structure for Knowledge-Based Companies
Najaf Allahyari fard Rasoul AbbasiIssue 29 , Volume 8 , Winter 2012Knowledge-based economy is modern economy that production and distribution is based on knowledge and knowledge itself is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are generators of knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based companies & insti Full TextKnowledge-based economy is modern economy that production and distribution is based on knowledge and knowledge itself is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are generators of knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based companies & institutions are private or cooperative companies that cause synergy of science and wealth, development of knowledge-based economy, achievement of scientific and economic goals (including development and application of invention and innovation) and commercialization of research and development (including design and production of goods and services) in the high technology and high value-added production, particularly in the form of software. Knowledge-based companies can be divided into two categories: micro and macro. K-based companies have made some important features such as job creation, positive competitiveness, generation and development. Those companies are commensurate with their growing economies. Organizational structures of companies in many different companies and organizations are playing an efficient role. The types of organizations and companies determine organizational structure. In this study we reviewe organizational structures, including functional, productional, regional, Matrix, connectional, horizontal, network, associational, star, clover and Virtual. We propose a suitable pattern “network-Virtual-horizontal” for organizational structure of K-based companies. This organizational structure increases productivity in knowledge-based companies. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business (Case Study: Tabarestan Technology Incubator)
mohammad mehdi mardanshahiIssue 52 , Volume 13 , Autumn 2017Today, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of Full TextToday, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of information and communication technology in business development has become more evident. Therefore the purpose of this study was to Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business.This research is descriptive-survey based on the method of doing and in terms of target, is functional. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and also its reliability was reported 0/793 (the Cronbach's alpha). The population of this study included 24 managers of Agricultural Knowledge-Based business, based at Tabarestan Technology Incubator. They were selected by Census method. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: a description and analysis was performed using the SPSS21 software. The results showed that Infrastructure factor is the most important component in the development of Information and Communication Technology. The Computers and Internet are the most important of Infrastructure factor and they have a fundamental role in developing business, especially agricultural knowledge-based businesses. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
9 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya TolaeiIssue 38 , Volume 10 , Spring 2014In The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris Full TextIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript Document -
Open Access Article
10 - Confidentiality agreement: a reliable way to prevent disclosure of IPRs owners' confidential information
Mostafa Bakhtiarvand Akram AghamohammadiIssue 48 , Volume 12 , Autumn 2016IPRs owners, especially inventors, from the creation of idea up to its commercialization are often faced with disclosure of confidential information delivered to third parties during license agreement negotiations. In fact, the main purpose of confidentiality agreements Full TextIPRs owners, especially inventors, from the creation of idea up to its commercialization are often faced with disclosure of confidential information delivered to third parties during license agreement negotiations. In fact, the main purpose of confidentiality agreements is to protect different types of IPRs including know-how, trade secrets, etc. with a view to prepare the background for proper and effective supervision and management of their exploitation. The use of non-disclosure agreements in high-tech sector, specifically for computer and internet companies is a common in license agreement negotiations. On the other hand, researchers and inventors in knowledge-based companies may be faced with challenges like disclosure of confidential information in the process of acquiring IPRs protection. The important point is the ignorance of many idea owners and inventors as to how such agreements are concluded. When delivering confidential information, non-disclosure agreement covers merely this information and is concluded for its protection before license agreement is concluded or during license agreement negotiations. Signing and entering into such agreements, without knowledge of laws and their characteristics, may cause dangerous and heavy obligations for parties. In this paper, with an analytic-descriptive approach, we define non-disclosure agreement, its necessity, function, types and common terms and conditions. The results of this paper indicate the necessity of delivering accurate and efficient information to IPRs owners regarding entering into confidentiality agreements and the need to modify the current legal structure in order to protect their rights. Manuscript Document
