List of Articles

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  1 - The identification factors of effective in transfer of technology
  Mahmood Mahdizadeh Hadi Heydari Ghare bag Yaser Mirzaei
  This research is about technology & the title is identification & extraction of effect factors in technology transfer. Becoming acquaintance with factors that effect on technology transfer to Iran’s industries is the goal of this research. In order to, we discuss techno More

  This research is about technology & the title is identification & extraction of effect factors in technology transfer. Becoming acquaintance with factors that effect on technology transfer to Iran’s industries is the goal of this research. In order to, we discuss technology definition and the process of technology transfer, and then, survey success factors in technology transfer to developing countries and the constraints of technology transfer to Iran. In this research, we use both survey and analytical methods that with collect data and information we have been done studies through a library and comprehensive literature. With regard to the key factors have been identified in the process of transferring technology in all different aspects of an effective pattern, a appropriate model factors for the transfer of technology in the main factor of eight as: effective and efficient management, governmental supports, cooperation between research centers and industry, considering research and develop activities, absorption capacity of host country, enough market access, tending and ability of both countries, and develop export policy.In continuing this research we extract sub-factors of each main factor. that eventually all factors have been identified in the form of a questionnaire that had been prepared by experts and specialist of the transfer of technology in connection with the amount of being a question of the factors that after collecting the questionnaire we analyze the factors by T-test (T-student) for statistical analysis by SPSS statistical soft wares, In this research, Cronbach's alpha is used for reliability of questionnaire. The results may increase efficiency and effectiveness of technology transfer projects. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Policy Making for R&D Centers According to Idea to Market Process; Case Study Iran Petroleum Industry
  Seyed mahameddin Tabatabaei
  Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except More

  Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except corporate R&D, also independent research and development organizations has been established in many countries to promote scientific and technological capabilities. Each of these two types of research and development organizations has a special mission then policy making for them requires a particular process. The aim of this paper is to policy making for research and development organizations according to idea to market process. For this purpose, first, the elements of idea to market process and then the types of research and development organizations, including corporate and non corporate were described. Then different types of structures of corporate R&D ( in large organization ) will be defined and policies for the duties and nature of their activities in centralized and decentralized sectors of corporate R&D (in hybrid R&D structures) based on the elements of the idea to market process are discussed. Next, the proposed principles for the oil industry as the country's largest industry, which has several research and development departments as a case study, have been applied and finally suggestions for improving research and development in the petroleum industry are presented. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A Review Of "The Support Of SMEs Development Plan", And Some Defects Of the Execution
  Davood Vahdat alireza dadashi
  A considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Me More

  A considerable percent of our population who can work, are obviously or hiddenly unemployed. What is the solution? Different countries have chosen different ways to solve this problem. Such as: the use of potential ability of society and economy, support of Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) , unemployment insurance, aid small producers by buying their products and help them to establish and launch services and manufacturing units that require less capital, and pay for new ideas to help those who have the ability to think, but are not able to produce or to do a service.What has been chosen as the solution by ninth government, In Iran since 2005, was development of SMEs and support them more, inorder to expand the dominance of their activities with the purpose of reducing unemployment. experts have presented several opposite and agree comments regarding the success or failure possible. Because this project is located in the beginning of path , these comments comes from the relative experts knowledge of the experiment of other countries. Our porpuse is to describe this type of firms and then we assess the results of this kind of supports and eventually the defects and weaknesses of performance. The relevant literature will review. Eventually, the future developments and strengthen the legal and financial infrastructure in Iran could lead to considerable Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Investigation of the Effect of Research and Development on the Iran׳s Industrial Sector Productivity
  Abolfazll Shahabadi Omid Rahmani
  This research is evaluated the theorical and analytical role of domestic R&D stocks, human capital and foreign R&D stocks (technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods) on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran׳s industrial sector. As regards More

  This research is evaluated the theorical and analytical role of domestic R&D stocks, human capital and foreign R&D stocks (technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods) on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran׳s industrial sector. As regards, the research and development activities of Iran's industrial sector as compared to developed countries are little it could be hope to foreign R&D stock role and their spillovers on total factor productivity growth of this sector. because the absorption of foreign R&D spillovers mid developing the domestic R&D activities will provide favorable field to total factor productivity growth. Therefore, this study is investigated the direct effect of foreign and domestic R&D stocks (via technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods (and human capital on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran's industrial sector in during 1338-1385. The analytical results say that, human capital and foreign R&D stocks have respectively, the highest positive effect on TFP growth of industrial sector. While, in literature theory, domestic R&D stocks is also have a determinant role on TFP growth. But, by reason of low investment in research budgets and lack of the demand base of research activities, the effect of domestic R&D stocks on total factor productivity growth of Iran׳s industrial sector have, lower effect than foreign R&D stocks. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Research & Development vs. Iran's Exports
  Asghar Mobarak
  Although at present time trade can not be the engine of growth by itself but still can help developing countries a lot. A developing country can move from a non-efficient point to an optimum point in production through trade. That's why export of industry in each countr More

  Although at present time trade can not be the engine of growth by itself but still can help developing countries a lot. A developing country can move from a non-efficient point to an optimum point in production through trade. That's why export of industry in each country depends on exchange rates, research and development and productivity. The main purpose of this study is the role of R & D activities in the export industry with ISIC two-digit codes. For this purpose, a statistical panel (9 Industrial Groups during 2008-1995) within a logarithmic multivariate econometric model was used. Besides R & D expenditure variable effects of variables such as real effective exchange rate, the value of each industry profitability, firm size and the amount of square workforce, the share of foreign raw materials on export volume is also investigated. The results of this Regression Model indicate that within the study period, the real & effective rate of exchange, the amount of each industry's profits, labor force, and firm size has positive impacts on exports and the share of foreign raw materials (unlike Vernon cycle) does not affect exports, and R & D costs with some three-break codes have positive effects in some codes & in some other they make no sense. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Looking at Science and Technology through the lens of Human development: Relationship between innovation and inequality
  Parisa Riyahi Mohammad Amin Ghanee Rad
  Policy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development appr More

  Policy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development approach". Therefore, policy makers invest on human and social capital as valuable assets. Firms are important because they could cause growth and wealth. According to the literature in this field, there is a positive correlation between innovation and inequality. It means that inequality will increase by increasing innovation. But the wealth derived from innovation can later be used to reduce that inequality. In contrast, the concern for "human development approach" is improving human quality of life, and speaks about Pro-poor, Para-poor, and Per-poor innovations. Some economists argue about development as freedom and improvement of people capabilities. The concern for "capability approach" is improving human opportunities, eliminating inequalities, and achieving justice. Freedom and capability are prerequisites for people creativity. Because of the paradoxes in different development approaches mentioned above, in this article the relationship between innovation and inequality is examined and a negative correlation is found. Less social and human capabilities has resulted in less innovation and more inequalities in various dimensions. Therefore, a greater emphasis on enhancing human capabilities is recommended in policy making efforts. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Components affecting the adoption of electronic commerce by the small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector
  Maryam Yazdani Zanganeh Bahman Khosro pour
  Through deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of More

  Through deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of resources in disadvantaged areas, increasing production and exports, strengthening of economic mobility, enhance entrepreneurship, employment and increased job opportunities demonstrates is role of small enterprises in the agricultural sector development. Now, small enterprises play an important role in the development economic indicators and So take advantage of new methods of doing business such as e-commerce process will be very effective role in the development and success of these enterprises in the agricultural sector. In this regard, e-commerce will be able to trade agricultural products and e and more than any other technology will find its match. This study shows that many benefits of e-commerce for the businesses and in variety of ways such as providing better services for consumers, suppliers and consumers find new and improved business process efficiency there. Factors such as compatibility, relative advantage and perceived increased in profit has positive affect than on electronic commerce are accepted. Small-scale enterprises should pay more attention to application technologies such as electronic commerce and communications networks to ensure their methods of work and organizational culture is compatible with e-commerce. Interest should promote awareness of the benefits of using e-commerce by the SMEs in agriculture sector and give increased awareness can be through workshops, seminars and training courses , extension about the e-commerce achieved. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Advantages, Risks and Challenges of Outsourcing Strategy
  Rohollah Khodaverdi Ehsan Zohre bojnordi
  Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their compe More

  Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their competitive advantage in serving customers. Outsourcing is promoted as one of the most powerful trends that improve organization efficiency and growth. Outsourcing was defined as the operation of shifting a transaction previously-governed internally to an external supplier through a long-term contract. The most common benefits of outsourcing are: downsizing, cost savings, restructuring costs, focus on core business, quality improvement, operational expertise, access to talent, capacity management, and risk management. Nowadays organizations focus on core competencies and downsizing and try to outsource other activities to external provider. Also outsourcing helps organizations to achieve new organization's structure like flat organization and fast response organization. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages, risks and challenges of outsourcing strategy. After an introduction with outsourcing, a definition of outsourcing, outsourcing history and a review of outsourcing's features will be presented. In the following sections, we examine the motives and risks associated with outsourcing operations and propose a number of recommendations that require managers to focus on implementation of outsourcing operations. Also the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing are reviewed and a framework for the service activities of outsourcing will propose. The proposed framework considers moderator and independent variables of outsourcing and how they affect service activities. The outsourcing model for service activities emphasizes different service aspects and is also simple and holistic. Manuscript profile