List of Technology Development Infrastructures and Supporting organizations subject articles

Open Access Article

1 - Ranking Knowledge Based Companies in Incubators by EFQM Indicators
Meysam Jafari Eskandari Alireza Ali Ahmadi Gholamhosein Khaleghi Mohammad Hasan Kamfirouzy

Today performance evaluation is counted as one of the important and major process in organizations. Companies allocate some resources annually for this work. Performance evaluation in strategic planning process plays a key role, first: for environmental analysis and sec More

Today performance evaluation is counted as one of the important and major process in organizations. Companies allocate some resources annually for this work. Performance evaluation in strategic planning process plays a key role, first: for environmental analysis and second: as feedback at the end of plan for correction. In this paper we decide to rank some knowledge based companies in one of the incubators based on EFQM indicators. This will be done by multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. The purposed method can deal with uncertainty well. Besides, using Game theory will make this model more flexible. Based on this, we try to control the environmental uncertainty with use of Grey time series and cooperative games and based on Frequentist school approach. Therefore we gathered expert's opinion at six time periods based on three parameter interval Grey numbers and we obtained the parameters of decision table within weighting to every time period by cooperative games. The used criteria are the criteria which are introduced in EFQM model. Then we rank companies with implementation of combination of Bulls-eye weighting method and Grey-numerical taxonomy method. In this ranking, companies, No. 1, 3 and 2 gained first, second and third rank by order which their Fi were 0.389, 0.463 and 0.523 by order. Also results of social and processes are known as the vital criteria by weights 0.161 and 0.153 orderly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Assessment of Potential Risks Towards the Business Processes Reengineering Success in SMEs
Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Haniyeh Farahmand Atiyeh Derakhshan Fatemeh Rezaei

In turbulent business environment, organizations are struggling to make themselves agility and for this purpose, it is necessary for them to reengineer the business process. Selecting an appropriate process for reengineering can improve organization in low cost and high More

In turbulent business environment, organizations are struggling to make themselves agility and for this purpose, it is necessary for them to reengineer the business process. Selecting an appropriate process for reengineering can improve organization in low cost and high speed. This means that organization should select reengineering processes with the greatest potential for change and also generate the best result for the organizations agility. Due to the high failure rate in business processes reengineering, risk assessment is important for these processes. This paper aims to assess the potential risk in the success of business processes reengineering. This study is an applied research in terms of results and in terms of variables; it includes qualitative variables and takes place in the field of descriptive researches and performs via survey method. Cronbach's alpha method is used for the reliability and content for validity. To verify the hypothesis of research, correlation and regression methods are used. A case study performed small and medium enterprises of an Incubator in Ferdowsi University. The innovative aspect of research is to create a new perspective to examine the effect of risk and failure rates in business processes reengineering. According to the results of this research, among the potential risk dimensions, management support and workplace have the greatest impact on success rate of business processes reengineering. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Investigation of Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy on Strengthening Entrepreneurial Intention of Students (Case Study: Students of Payam-e noor University, Bijar city)
Mehran Foladi Hamzeh Baghani

Studies show that the trend of entrepreneurship and topics related to it has been increased dramatically in recent years. Among the raised issues in entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurship intention can be referred as the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activ More

Studies show that the trend of entrepreneurship and topics related to it has been increased dramatically in recent years. Among the raised issues in entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurship intention can be referred as the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activities in the society. Entrepreneurial intention is one of the important variables in the annual study of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Therefore, studying the factors which affect on the intention and strengthening can increase the entrepreneurship intention in the society. Among these factors, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is expressed as one of the most important factors which influences the intention. Self-efficacy has six major indicators, based on which it is measured. In the present study, only two variables of "subjective possibility" (self-efficacy) and "entrepreneurial intention" of Liban’s model have been studied. This study is practical in terms of entrepreneurship intention and regarding data collection method has a descriptive survey type. The sample population of the present study includes all students of Payam Noor University, Bijar city. The results show that those two indicators have a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. Also among the indicators, the skills of identifying market opportunities and new product development and skill of recognizing the main target contributes more in term of the prediction of entrepreneurial intention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Explaining Organizational Ambidexterity As a New Concept in the Management of Knowledge Based Organizations
Mahmod Moradi Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Yaughob Mambini

Organizational ambidexterity as a new managerial construct has been proposed in recent years. This concept is entering into the field of technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, organizational design and strategy. Ambidexterity is viewed as a t More

Organizational ambidexterity as a new managerial construct has been proposed in recent years. This concept is entering into the field of technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, organizational design and strategy. Ambidexterity is viewed as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage, business performance and firm survival. It can be achieved through organizations’ endeavor to exploit and explore available opportunities. Many companies have comprised the view that to function effectively in today’s economy, it is indispensable to become a knowledge-based organization. The Knowledge Based Organizations created in order to synergistically exploit science and wealth, develop knowledge based economy and strongly depend on innovation as a source of the competitive advantage. In this article, by systematically reviewing related literature, we have tried to illuminate the notion of ambidexterity. Structures and forms of organization ambidexterity in knowledge based organizations were revised and its role to improve the performance of knowledge based organizations has been clarified. Paper suggested that knowledge based organization through ambidexterity in management, structure and process could guarantee its survival in today’s dynamic environment. In the paper, organizational ambidexterity definition in explained. Furthermore, the necessary that knowledge based organization must pass on toward ambidexterity in explained. The sequential ambidexterity, structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity as foremost typologies for ambidexterity is discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya Tolaei

In The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris More

In The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A Model for Business Intelligence Systems Maturity in Iran
MohammadHosein Ronaghi Marziyeh Ronaghi

Business intelligence is a set of theories, methodologies, architectures and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes. BI as a discipline is made up of several related activities, including data mining, online ana More

Business intelligence is a set of theories, methodologies, architectures and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes. BI as a discipline is made up of several related activities, including data mining, online analytical processing, querying and reporting. Companies use BI to improve decision making, cut costs and identify new business opportunities. BI is more than just corporate reporting and more than a set of tools to coax data out of enterprise systems. With today’s BI tools, business folks can jump in and start analyzing data themselves, rather than wait for IT to run complex reports. Evaluating the effectiveness of Business intelligence system is vital to our understanding of the value and efficacy of management actions and investments. This research aims to explain and clarify the inter-relationships and the interaction effects among business intelligence systems maturity and other relevant factors such as information access quality and information content quality. We developed a model of business intelligence systems maturity based on the outcomes of previous researches and semi-structured interviews with experts in information technology. To examine the model a descriptive survey was applied. The survey sample population consisted of 100 randomly taken managers and IT managers who apply Business intelligence system in their companies, according to a cluster random sampling skim. An important part of the results revealed business intelligence systems maturity relates directly with information quality and use of information in business process. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - How to Allocate University Spin-off Companies Equity Among their Owners
Bahman Facoor

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great op More

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great opportunity for the creation of this type of firms in universities and research institutes. But universities and research institutes are still required to complete their infrastructures including rules and regulations needed for the creation of spin-offs. One of the most important of these is "allocation of university spin-off equity among their owners" regulation. Owners of university spin-offs are universities and research institutes, inventor researchers, investors and external entrepreneurs. Allocation of spin-off equity among these parties satisfactorily, is one of the important challenges to spin-off creation in universities and research institutes. This article first tries to identify founders and other parties that are gradually added to owners of spin-off companies. Then stakeholder's equity determinant factors will be discussed. Finally implementation of a framework for the allocation of spin-off companies' equity among their owners will be raised. 10 universities in America, Britain and Canada with spin-off creation experience have been studied in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigation about Financing in Entrepreneurial Projects
Hassanali Aghajani Mohsen Abbasgholi pour Mohadesse Fahimi Rad

Entrepreneurship is the stimulus engine of economic development, creating occupation and reforming society. Entrepreneurship is a process to create an employment and make profit from valuable combination of sources. Entrepreneur is a person who commits to run and accept More

Entrepreneurship is the stimulus engine of economic development, creating occupation and reforming society. Entrepreneurship is a process to create an employment and make profit from valuable combination of sources. Entrepreneur is a person who commits to run and accepts the risks of economic activity. Entrepreneurs undertake an important role in the movement of economic development cycles and are considered as the source of huge breakthroughs in industrial, productive and service fields throughout organizations. Financing is, therefore, one of the most important challenges or business obstacles faced by entrepreneurs. The purpose of this research is to study the quadruplet methods of financing entrepreneurial projects in Mazandaran province. Statistical society consists of 141 entrepreneurs with 110 persons selected as a sample. Then by collecting the required data and using a questionnaire with standard components and reliability coefficient of 79%, the quadruplet hypotheses have been tested. The findings have shown that all four methods of financial supply have been considered by the entrepreneurs, each of them with their special intensity and weakness. From this point of view the personal capital has been in the first priority and the methods of loan, shares, and internal sources in the subsequent priorities. In addition, the entrepreneurs studied have less knowledge of the different and various methods of financial supply and have considered only the methods that have been common in our society and use all of them generally. Finally it has been concluded that it is necessary to carry out some innovations in this respect and other methods of financial methods should be applied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A survey of Relationship between Organizational Intelligence and Entrepreneurship in Manufacturing Companies of Gilan Province
Hamidereza Alipour Effat Marzban Moghadam

A survey of relationship between organizational intelligence and entrepreneurship in manufacturing companies of Gilan province is the purpose of this research. Entrepreneurship is a process which leads to creating satisfaction or new demand consisting of the process of More

A survey of relationship between organizational intelligence and entrepreneurship in manufacturing companies of Gilan province is the purpose of this research. Entrepreneurship is a process which leads to creating satisfaction or new demand consisting of the process of value creation from composing of a unique collection of resources in order to take advantage of the opportunities. According to importance of the subject and purpose of the research, this investigation is a description of correlation. Statistical community research contains managers of manufacturing companies of Gilan province, which in 1391, 119 people were chosen among 207 managers of manufacturing companies by random sampling method. For data collection, Albrkht organizational intelligence questionnaires and Robbins entrepreneurship were utilized. After confirmation of validity assessment of the questionnaires through final and content methods, by Grunbakh alpha (a=0.87), the obtained information was analyzed with descriptive statistical calculations and inferential statistics (pearson's correlation coefficient). The results collected demonstrate that there is a meaningful relationship between all components of organizational intelligence (strategic insight, shared fate, willingness to change, assertiveness and courage, alliance and agreement, application of knowledge and push performance) and entrepreneurship components (creativity, risk disclosure, independence, impulse, determination and will power and belief in sacred things). It seems that for manufacturing development, companies should create interaction between labors as organizational intelligence capital and smart tools in addition to upgrading intelligent manufacturing tools as well as noticing to technology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Business
Ayatollah Momayezz Seyed Atefe Ghasemi Seyed fatemeh Ghasemi

Entrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers More

Entrepreneurship is one of the fundamental measures of development in each country, thus, it is considered as the engine of economic development in countries. Experiences of countries enjoying high growth of gross domestic income (GDI) indicate that leaders and managers in these countries have realized the importance of entrepreneurship in countries development. Since women represent a large part of the population, entrepreneurship of this segment of society has a particular importance. Therefore, the measurement of women's participation in production is one of the important indicators to evaluate the progress of development in each country. Statistics shows that less than 10 percent of Iranian entrepreneurs are women. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that play a role in the development of women entrepreneurship. The research was based on questionnaire and interview and to ensure the reliability, the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha being valued for validity by views of scholars and professors. Statistical tests were utilized for data analysis and presentation. The results show despite holding dual roles of working women, they have positive feelings towards their activities. At the end recommendations and suggestion for the development of women's entrepreneurial activities are discussed in order to manifest the most important cultural change in society's attitude towards women's empowerment in economic activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Business Models; Principles, Evaluation, Innovation
Manochehr Manteghi Fatemeh Sabeti Saeedi

These days, organizations environment has become more competitive. According to business researchers, achieving a competitive position for the company is possible only by the proper business model. A successful business model indicates a better option so that it can off More

These days, organizations environment has become more competitive. According to business researchers, achieving a competitive position for the company is possible only by the proper business model. A successful business model indicates a better option so that it can offer greater value to a distinct group of customers and bring greater benefits to the company. At the start of a business, failure to identify an appropriate business model, leads to the failure of organizations to achieving its goals. Despite the importance of this issue, there is no standard for the definitions and components of business models. Hence, in this study, definitions and components of business models are discussed, according to the different approaches in modeling business models. However, merely having a good business model at the inception of a company is not enough; what is more important is utilizing and maintaining a proper business model over the life of the institution.The power of a business model is such that it can be a powerful tool for analyzing, testing, and evaluating organization's strategic options. Therefore, an organization business model evaluation as a strategic decision-making process will never stop and can be a basis for continuous improvement of the business. Business model evaluation differs according to the levels and units of analysis. In this study,by reviewing the different studies, the most important criteria and methods of business model evaluation has been proposed.Business models are the representation of businesses at a specific time. Rapid technological, economical, cultural and political changes lead to a more complex organizations environmentand dynamic business evolution. This causes instability of business models. Therefore, they change by the development of businesses. Hence, business model innovation has become one of the most important issues in management science. This concept has been studied in the final part of this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - An Approach to Improve the Management of Knowledge-Based Firms
Hosein Fakhari Davood Salmani

Knowledge based firms (KBF) play essential role in technology development, economic prosperity and job creation. The formation of these firms depends on practical ideas of entrepreneur engineers. But most of these entrepreneurs are young graduates who may not have the l More

Knowledge based firms (KBF) play essential role in technology development, economic prosperity and job creation. The formation of these firms depends on practical ideas of entrepreneur engineers. But most of these entrepreneurs are young graduates who may not have the leadership skills and knowledge required for leading new firms. In KBF engineers design and build things that meet the needs of customers, beneficiaries and ultimately the society. These tasks can only be accomplished by the concerted action of many people aligned and rallied by effective leadership. On the other hand, when faced with many problems in KBF’s initial years, however, many of these firms fail to sustain themselves and fall in to bankruptcy with a high rate and one of the most important factors of these failures is leadership. In this study, based on the engineering approach, a special attention has been paid to the leadership. In this approach, technical abilities and leadership, describe principles of "engineering leadership". By this method, KBF can achieve their targets through the proper rout. On the base of "engineering leadership" approach, this study shows leadership skill training plays a main role in the success of KBF. In addition, this paper suggests to KBF managers a contingency sight to select the best leadership method and proper organization structure based on teamwork for KBF success. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Role of Culture in Entrepreneurial Alertness in Iran Based on GEM Data
Ehsan Mehraban Sabina Nobary

Investigating this question that why entrepreneurial indexes in Iran have got no desirable place in relation to other similar countries and also pondering culture as a very important parameter in the formation of entrepreneurs behavior has resulted in this new question More

Investigating this question that why entrepreneurial indexes in Iran have got no desirable place in relation to other similar countries and also pondering culture as a very important parameter in the formation of entrepreneurs behavior has resulted in this new question that how culture could affect the entrepreneurship in that country. Entrepreneurial Alertness as a critical index in the entrepreneurship means that discovering new opportunities is also discussed as the chosen parameter of entrepreneurship and its relation to culture is analyzed. To study Iranian culture we use credible Hofstede method which enables us to compare cultures of many countries by its four dimensions: power distance, masculinity, individuality and uncertainty avoidance; we also use GEM reports that are related to the entrepreneurship condition in Iran in contrast to other world countries. By investigating the culture based on Hofstede Model of different countries in addition to entrepreneurship alertness and comparison with Iran indexes reported, we may conclude that cultural changes happened on the basis of dimensions of Hofstede as described before against the entrepreneurship indexes such as perceived opportunities in the years of study taken in Iran, i.e. these dimensions have been changed in a way that is not pro to entrepreneurial alertness increase, So that loss of risk taking and also increase of power distance as two dimensions of Hofstede model may decrease the entrepreneurship alertness which results in a total mitigation of entrepreneurship growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Determination and Prioritization of Barriers to Knowledge Sharing at Universities and HEIs; Case study: Imam JAVAD University College
Daruosh Pourserajian Mozhgan Soltani Aliabad Mohammad Saleh Oliua

The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the barriers to knowledge sharing at a high education institute as one of the necessary steps in implementation of the process of knowledge management at universities and HEIs. On the one hand, higher education is the More

The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the barriers to knowledge sharing at a high education institute as one of the necessary steps in implementation of the process of knowledge management at universities and HEIs. On the one hand, higher education is the base of development and the main focus of human recourses enrichment in societies, Therefore implementation of knowledge management in this field is one of the basic requirements and a powerful tool for improving knowledge-based societyS as one of the elements of country’s development vision. On the other hand, by changing the slogan “knowledge is power” to “knowledge sharing is power”, knowledge sharing and extending it in organizations, between organizations and different systems has become the main process and orientation inside organizations concerning knowledge management. Therefore creating a comprehensive vision concerning the challenges and barriers of knowledge sharing and a proper understanding of its facilitators in HEIs and universities seems necessary as a pre-requisite in reaching the goals of knowledge management in the field of higher education in the country. In this regard, 29 key factors in knowledge sharing process inside organizations in 5 main categories of human resources, organizational culture, structure, systems and technology and leadership strategies have been determined and as a case study, relationships between main factors and priority of each of the mentioned factors in 5 categories have been presented at Imam Javad University College. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Organizational Commitment in Knowledge base Startup Companies: the Team Coherence and Business Survival Factor in the Competitive Environment
Mehrdad Shafiei

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the m More

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the most important. The quality of this investment is more, probability of survival, success, and promotion of the business will more. In today's highly competitive and changing environment, creative and innovative human resource can help to achieve a competitive advantage. Organizations need to become learning and dynamic organizations. So their employees can develop the ability to adapt to changes in competition fields. Commitment, in brief is a person's inner feelings and attitudes towards the organization that influences on performance, judgment and loyalty towards the organization. As a result of continuous study and research on the factors of organizational commitment essential ingredients, managers can reconstruct, rehabilitate and restore of positive behaviors and organizational commitment or modify or eliminate damaging parts of this phenomenon.One of the concepts that can be used for analysis of entrepreneur team durability and the business survival is organizational commitment. In this article we attempt to discussed about the role of organizational commitment in possibility of work team integrity in the early stages of forming a business, based on a comparative study and by combining the concepts of organizational commitment and human resources in startup businesses.The purpose of this paper is to establish a correspondence between the importance of human resources in start-ups and their role in business survival and functions of organizational commitment in fulfilling these requirements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Iran in Comparison with other Outlook Countries in the Field of Entrepreneurial Growth
Saeed KiyanPour

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important and necessary strategies in developing and developed countries. But, the truth is that one of the fundamental steps for the development of entrepreneurship is its assessment. Entrepreneurship evaluation should be done based More

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important and necessary strategies in developing and developed countries. But, the truth is that one of the fundamental steps for the development of entrepreneurship is its assessment. Entrepreneurship evaluation should be done based on indexes and global standards so that not only provides a clear picture to the status of entrepreneurship at the national level, But also, provides the possibility of measuring and comparing to the other countries in the field of entrepreneurship development. More than 95percent of the world GDP formed by the Members of GEM. GEM Programs are evaluated based on three indicators: "perceptions and entrepreneurial tendencies," "entrepreneurial activities" and "entrepreneurial passion". Among the 67 countries, Iran is ranked 30th based on Toddler entrepreneurs’ index equals to 11 percent. This index has increasing trend in the past five years, and its value is much greater than the other countries in Middle East. Also the Index of Entrepreneurial Intent in Iran equals to 28/22%, and our country is in 35th place among 67 countries. The Opportunity-oriented entrepreneurship index has grown among other entrepreneurial activity index, (from 5.67% in 1390 to 6.24% in 1391). This means that mandatory Entrepreneurship has decreased. Also the understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities index has increased from 32% in 1390 to 39/2% in 1391. Finally, for fear index of failure, Iran is in 39th place among 67 countries that shows the Iranian low-risk tendency for starting a business. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Importance of Multiplicity and Variety of Resources in Success of Forming Process in Research Spin-Off (RSO) Companies
Mazaher Ziyaei

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and varie More

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and variety of resources which should be available at the right time and portion for success of the process. The aim of this article is showing this multiplicity and variety of resources and their role in policy making for successful RSO companies, by having a glance at Iran’s circumstances. It starts by having a look at the RSO concepts and the studies of their formation in an "open innovation model", then the two aspects of this process; knowledge and the financial and necessary resources for developing in these companies are studied. It shows that financing is not the only needed resource at the beginning stages, but a variety of technical, financial, social and human resources are needed, too. The existence of experienced consultant teams, access to scientific, technologic, industrial and commercial networks and experts of technology transferring, commercialization and management of growth companies are some of them. In conclusion it emphasizes that in Iran only some resources for the start stages are considered but more resources are needed in the middle and final stages of process . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Challenges and recommendations (guidelines) in the conceptual development of entrepreneurship
Seyed mehdi Alvani hasan boudlaie Mona Gharib Gorgani

Anecdotes and strong empirical evidence of the importance of entrepreneurship as a field of study are available. Entrepreneurs, by creating new technologies and new services, upgrade their quality of life, increase productivity, provide more entertainment, health improv More

Anecdotes and strong empirical evidence of the importance of entrepreneurship as a field of study are available. Entrepreneurs, by creating new technologies and new services, upgrade their quality of life, increase productivity, provide more entertainment, health improvement and promotion of communication. The knowledge which is known as the science of entrepreneurship is finding it difficult and sometimes its usefulness makes it suspicious. In fact, despite the passage of more than three decades, the discipline of entrepreneurship still remains over its legitimacy and acceptance. Among such challenges can be: the challenge of defining the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, the subject and scope of the research, scientific nature of entrepreneurship: the trends of single or interdisciplinary and, debate about the methodology, as the major challenges in recent decades. Now several decades after the birth of entrepreneurship, the need to confront with and meet the challenges of entrepreneurship is necessary to redefine it and meet its challenges more realistically. In this paper, an overview of the challenges to the emerging field of science and major efforts to meet its future are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Suitable Organizational Structure for Knowledge-Based Companies
Najaf Allahyari fard Rasoul Abbasi

Knowledge-based economy is modern economy that production and distribution is based on knowledge and knowledge itself is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are generators of knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based companies & insti More

Knowledge-based economy is modern economy that production and distribution is based on knowledge and knowledge itself is the main source of growth and wealth creation. Knowledge-based companies are generators of knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based companies & institutions are private or cooperative companies that cause synergy of science and wealth, development of knowledge-based economy, achievement of scientific and economic goals (including development and application of invention and innovation) and commercialization of research and development (including design and production of goods and services) in the high technology and high value-added production, particularly in the form of software. Knowledge-based companies can be divided into two categories: micro and macro. K-based companies have made some important features such as job creation, positive competitiveness, generation and development. Those companies are commensurate with their growing economies. Organizational structures of companies in many different companies and organizations are playing an efficient role. The types of organizations and companies determine organizational structure. In this study we reviewe organizational structures, including functional, productional, regional, Matrix, connectional, horizontal, network, associational, star, clover and Virtual. We propose a suitable pattern “network-Virtual-horizontal” for organizational structure of K-based companies. This organizational structure increases productivity in knowledge-based companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Identifying the Effective Factors of Fast-Growth Companies: The Case of “Behestan Daru” Co..
Hojatollah Moradi pour Hamid Hoseinloo

The objective of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the fast-growing companies. Based on the conceptual framework and literature review, this paper reviews four dimensions identified as the main factors of fast-growing companies. They comprise leaders’ char More

The objective of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the fast-growing companies. Based on the conceptual framework and literature review, this paper reviews four dimensions identified as the main factors of fast-growing companies. They comprise leaders’ characteristics, opportunity awareness, innovation and human capital. A questionnaire is used to collect data. The sample frame that will be used for the research will be the managers and employees with minimum six years of experience in the Behestan Daru Company. The techniques of the study were employed to analyze the data including Student's T test; analyzing Correlation and Friedman rank test. The results of this paper show that the above four dimensions have positive and significant effects on the fast-growing company. Furthermore, from the managers’ viewpoints, the factors are ranked according to their relative importance as follows: leaders’ characteristics, human capital, opportunity recognition and innovation while from the employees’ viewpoint they are ranked in the following order: leaders’ characteristics, opportunity awareness, human capital and innovation. Thus each of these sub-branches of the factors that can also be important from the perspective of their managers and experts are outlined as: Production and delivering new products, creative entrepreneurs, people with characteristics fitting the job description, an assessment of managers and staff periodically, circumstances, environment, management's ability to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities, identifying the potentials, experience in the organization, and entrepreneurial experience. In this study the conceptual framework of indicators that is another indicator of the interviewed managers and the experts was asked including communication, age, empowerment and financial capacities, organizational cultures, which are all influencing the fast growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Spin-off companies establishment process in Universities and Research institutions
Bahman Facoor

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commerc More

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commercialization and most profitable for parent institutions and on the other hand will cause economic development. This article is aimed to submit a university spin-off establishment process for use in universities and research institutions. To prepare this guide line the findings from papers in addition of current process that are used in other countries universities with successful experience in research commercialization and spin-off creation has been used. The following steps are defined as spin- off company creation process: Primary decision for spin-off creation (Idea generation and opportunity identification), Primary evaluation of spin-off creation feasibility, Primary approval of universities and research institutions for spin-off creation, Search for executives and agreement with them, Primary search for partners and investors and negotiation with them, Preparation of the main business plan, Evaluation of the main business plan by universities or research institutions, partners and investors, Definition and formation of company management structure and registration of company, Final agreement with partners and investors about the amount and manner of their participation and equities, Technology licensing from universities or research institutions, Universities or research institutions approval for attendance of founder researchers in company according to agreed plan, Preparation of company legal documents, Definition and formation of company board of directors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - An Investigation of Effective Individual and Behavioral Characteristics of New Technology-Based Firms' Managers
Gholamreza Malekzadeh Azadeh Kiyani nejad

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective More

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective individual and behavioral characteristics for success of these managers and also their companies are presented. Also, in this study, researchers have tried to determine effective characteristics and indicators which are used in selecting and appointing the managers of such firms, and therefore improve the process of managers' selection. Sample firms are located in Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP) which is one of the new supportive environments in the country. For this study, among the multiple personality characteristics and features, six individual and behavioral indicators were selected and highlighted which include: 1) confidence, 2) leadership abilities, 3) creativity and innovation, 4) participation and devolution, 5) human relationship skills and 6) internal control. Selection of these individual and behavioral indicators and characteristics are based on the results of the other researches and studies. After determining these characteristics through the review of literature, an evaluation questionnaire was designed and distributed to sample firms' managers and necessary information was obtained. By analyzing these results, the effective indicators and characteristics for success of managers were identified. The results shows that the first and sixth hypotheses of the research hypotheses are correct, i.e. confidence and internal controls are most effective indicators for success of these firms' managers. This research has not considered Employees' satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The Role of applying Business Process Management System in improving Organizations Performances
Hosein Safarzadeh Mausomeh Ghoreyshi

In today's world, the key to the success of each organization is the Business Process. Therefore, it is important to have a strong interpretation of Business Process Management in organizations. Organizations have experienced that Business Process Management is strong i More

In today's world, the key to the success of each organization is the Business Process. Therefore, it is important to have a strong interpretation of Business Process Management in organizations. Organizations have experienced that Business Process Management is strong investment to come across the environmental changes. Business Process Management is a holistic management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the demands and needs of clients. It promotes business effectiveness and efficiency while striving for innovation, flexibility, and integration with technology. Business Process Management attempts to improve processes continuously. It can therefore be described as a "process optimization process." It is argued that BPM enables organizations to be more efficient, more effective and more capable of change than a functionally focused, traditional hierarchical management approach. Business process management activities can be grouped into five categories: designing, modeling, execution, monitoring, and optimization. With respect to the fact that Business Process Management System automates all the processes in organizations, every solution ends up in Business Process Management System as the essential core of organizational systems in order to improve their performance. In this paper, different types of data related to a specific Process will be mentioned, then a solid model will be explained in order to coordinate the data with Business Process Management, afterwards Business Process Management System will be introduced. At the end, the harmony for Business Process Management and Strategic Management will be explained because compiling a suitable strategy and, more importantly, its proper implementation using the Process Management improves the organization performance and beneficiaries' satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Reviewing Challenges of New Product Development Process in Small-Medium Enterprises Case study:Select Food and Drink Industries of Fars province
Reza Talei Far Seyed Hosein Hatami nasab

Success in new product development (NPD) projects is a crucial challenge for the past and present managers. Actually researchers have still problems finding the reason for the high rate of failure in such projects. Failure of these projects in small and medium enterpris More

Success in new product development (NPD) projects is a crucial challenge for the past and present managers. Actually researchers have still problems finding the reason for the high rate of failure in such projects. Failure of these projects in small and medium enterprises is a bigger problem compared to large companies. So some of these failures may endanger life of these units and result in the closure of these units. Therefore, in this research the challenges of product development in these companies have been surveyed in particular. For this purpose, opinions of experts and managers of firms in small and medium-size food industries of Fars province have been surveyed and then practical solutions and suggestions have been mentioned. In this study after extensive reviewing of research literature, a series of identified effective challenges and with considering the opinions of managers, significant challenges with degree of their importance within the firms have been mentioned. The results explain that from view of managers of under study, the units in connection with the effective challenges on new product development between the current status and the ideal situation there are significant gaps such as: estimating incorrect suitable market, lack of adequate research and development issues, lack of appropriate and sufficient distribution channels and lack of appropriate advertising for offering new products to the market have been discussed as the challenges. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Rule of Academic Spin off Companies in the Development of Entrepreneurship at the Universities
Atefeh Zolfaghari Seyed reza Hejazi Arta Farmodi

This paper investigates the rule of spin off companies in the development of academic entrepreneurship at the University. Increasing attention to the entrepreneurship and highlighted the role of spin off companies in knowledge transfer and technology transfer have shown More

This paper investigates the rule of spin off companies in the development of academic entrepreneurship at the University. Increasing attention to the entrepreneurship and highlighted the role of spin off companies in knowledge transfer and technology transfer have shown the increasingly importance of spin off companies in Iran. Considering to the formation and growth of spin off companies in the future industrial development and increased universities income especially in Iran would be a major subject for countries. This paper is a qualitative study that have shaped based on studied documents, database, technology transfer, spin off and entrepreneurship literatures. Based on the finding from depth interviews with universities experts and founders of academic spin offs this study has been integrated. Based on the collected data success of the spin off companies have strengthened the suitable formed of entrepreneurship team at universities and research institutions. Spin off company’s Entrepreneur founders with the good organizational conditions make growth and increased rate of income and employment which will increase attention to entrepreneurship in the universities. This paper has been reviewed the enormous changes in universities system to developing entrepreneurship culture and education in teaching and research activities in universities and has been investigated that attention to interact companies with industry through academic spin off is so vial. At the end if the interaction between the university environment and research organizations with industrial and economic business has been organized, and with effective mechanisms such as creation spin off, the resulting will be absorbing most employment and efficiency of sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Introducing an applied model for the Iranian Single window for SMEs: a public private partnership approach
Seyed mehdi Sadat Rasool Hasan talebi

Single window for SMEs, enroll as an information technology which bridges between SMEs and service suppliers specially government authorities. Single window is a long lasting concept and the ideal of all of service user, in the case SMEs. Such a system also have so much More

Single window for SMEs, enroll as an information technology which bridges between SMEs and service suppliers specially government authorities. Single window is a long lasting concept and the ideal of all of service user, in the case SMEs. Such a system also have so much benefits for all of its partners, include reducing costs and time and increasing Quality and knowledge management. Successful Implementation of Single window is due to good planning and having an applied experienced model which includes all of the important aspects of the issue for granted. This paper introduces a novel applied model based on 6C conceptual model and successful projects lessons learnt for Iran SMEs; the projects and their PPP model needed to be investigated is followed. The results will be helpful for developing countries to run similar projects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Organizational Intelligence as a strong device in the management of Knowledge based firms
Gholamreza Malekzadeh

Knowledge based enterprises are faced with the rapidly changing events in economical, technological, social, cultural, and political environment. Successful reaction to these organizations in a very dynamic and inimical trade ambiance depends on their ability to provide More

Knowledge based enterprises are faced with the rapidly changing events in economical, technological, social, cultural, and political environment. Successful reaction to these organizations in a very dynamic and inimical trade ambiance depends on their ability to provide relevant information and find adequate solutions to the problems that they are faced with. The attention of managers must be focused on designing of the so called “Organizational intelligence” and intellectual abilities of an organization (organizational learning, communication and memory). As a result of these trends, a relatively new concept in organizational theory has developed – Organizational Intelligence. The aim of this paper, after determining the concept of organizational intelligence, is to identify organizational intelligence and learning as one of the most powerful tools in managing knowledge based organizations and enterprises Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Critical Criteria in e-Businesses Assessment
Mohsen Shafiei Nik Abadi Auzam Jalili bolhasani Seyed mohammad ali Khatami firoz abadi

The Internet is considered as an important innovation in business environment and acts as a very important tool in getting competitive advantages. Researchers have tried to gather critical and key factors in e-Businesses and classify them in Balance Score Card(BSC) base More

The Internet is considered as an important innovation in business environment and acts as a very important tool in getting competitive advantages. Researchers have tried to gather critical and key factors in e-Businesses and classify them in Balance Score Card(BSC) based Method. Then, 6 international e-businesses get ranked using 3 Decision Making Method (SAW,TOPSIS, PROMETHEE). At last, these 6 international e-businesses get ranked using Mean Ranking and Majority Rule. Innovative aspect of this article is gathering and classification of Critical Criteria in e-businesses assessment and using Decision making method in assessing e-business. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Definition of University Spin-off Companies; Importance and Typology
Bahman Facoor

Creation of university spin-off companies as an academically entrepreneurship activity can be considered as a growing mechanism for university technology transfer. In comparison with technology licensing, Spin-off companies create higher financial return for owners of t More

Creation of university spin-off companies as an academically entrepreneurship activity can be considered as a growing mechanism for university technology transfer. In comparison with technology licensing, Spin-off companies create higher financial return for owners of technology and will play an important role to regional and national economic development. This paper is to define university spin-offs in more detail and make clear the importance of these companies. University authorities‌ are interested in these companies, but need to know about different types of these companies for establishment and management university spin-offs. So, in this paper we have also tried to submit a comprehensive categorization of university spin-offs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Various methods of Small and Medium Enterprise's (SME) finance in various stage of lifecycle
Mohammadreza sadrinia Samaneh Mirasadi Mohsen Varvani

Today the small and medium enterprises have irrefutable role in the progress and prosperity countries. Thus, they are attended for politicians and officials. One of the basic necessities of retains and establishment of small and medium enterprise is the issue of financi More

Today the small and medium enterprises have irrefutable role in the progress and prosperity countries. Thus, they are attended for politicians and officials. One of the basic necessities of retains and establishment of small and medium enterprise is the issue of financial needs. The study of various methods of financing small and medium enterprises can help entrepreneurs to ensure their companies survival. The studies show that small and medium enterprises are using different methods for providing required capital in various stages of their life cycle. Resources such as internal resources, and debt and loan are used in various stages in SME s life cycle. In this article we are trying to introduce small and medium enterprise and their requirements at a glance. The the different methods that owners of these agencies could used for their financial institution, are studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - using Electronic Intermediaries to Expand Business Processes
Saeed Fathi Maryam Safi

Electronic intermediaries (EIMs) are Internet-based organizations that enable other organizations to interact with each other in business processes. While EIMs have become a significant sector of the Internet economy, theory and guidelines for planning the set of busine More

Electronic intermediaries (EIMs) are Internet-based organizations that enable other organizations to interact with each other in business processes. While EIMs have become a significant sector of the Internet economy, theory and guidelines for planning the set of business processes an EIM can support online are sparse. This paper presents an approach to plan the specific online processes supported by a particular EIM. The approach draws on conceptual research on business process engineering, EIMs, and e-business architectures. Three categories of processes, together with their respective sub-processes, are identified and described. The approach then provides guidance in the choice of processes, based upon two factors; first the resource base of the EIM, and second, its evolutionary context. The insight gained from this analysis is that the business performance of an EIM can be enhanced by considering its resource base and evolutionary context when planning its business processes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Entrepreneurial University; Concepts, Backgrounds and How to Achieve
Bahman Facoor

Science systems in the world have been in transition for better responding to social and economic needs to knowledge and technology. Entrepreneurial university is a model for defining and describing a new and modified face for universities. The main impact of this model More

Science systems in the world have been in transition for better responding to social and economic needs to knowledge and technology. Entrepreneurial university is a model for defining and describing a new and modified face for universities. The main impact of this model is to extend the interaction between university and society. This article is to review the entrepreneurial university concepts and the backgrounds, as well as to reveal the factors that contribute in transferring of traditional universities to entrepreneurial universities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - A Pyramid Model for Networking of knowledge-based companies
Ehsan Golshiri

In this article discussion how is to create the Cooperative network among knowledge-based companies to get best rivalry. With a pyramid model describes the Cooperative Network relation such as management, technology and economical conditions. Each company or proficiency More

In this article discussion how is to create the Cooperative network among knowledge-based companies to get best rivalry. With a pyramid model describes the Cooperative Network relation such as management, technology and economical conditions. Each company or proficiency set on one face of pyramid, and relation in network simulated with pyramids sides. This model has some profits in work distribution and covers all of the dimensions of the project. We used principles of geometric and simulation for pyramid model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies
Saeed Sehat Mona Abdollahpour

Title: The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies Author/Authors Email/Emails Saeed Sehat sehhat@yahoo.com Mona Abdollahpour abdolahpour@gmail.com Abstract: Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) have been recognized as important contributors in the economy More

Title: The Role of Internet in SME Growth Strategies Author/Authors Email/Emails Saeed Sehat sehhat@yahoo.com Mona Abdollahpour abdolahpour@gmail.com Abstract: Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) have been recognized as important contributors in the economy of many countries and new opportunities are opening for them in domestic and international market. It is vital for an SME to grow in order to remain competitive in these markets. According to researchers studies, there are no single theories which can sufficiently explain the growth of an SME, but the importance and use of the internet is becoming increasingly visible among small and medium enterprises. However, in spite of the potential of the Internet, most of the firms do not view it as a key to their strategies for growth. The aim of this article is to investigate how SMEs are using the Internet in strategies they adopt for growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Enterpreneurship in a Knowledge-based Perspective: An Introduction
Seyed jalal Mosavi bazargani

Cognitive studies of entrepreneurs are in order to find a knowledge-base explanation about concepts which are important for entrepreneurship phenomenon. Seeking opportunity, creativity and innovation and risk taking are the most important concepts for entrepreneurs. To More

Cognitive studies of entrepreneurs are in order to find a knowledge-base explanation about concepts which are important for entrepreneurship phenomenon. Seeking opportunity, creativity and innovation and risk taking are the most important concepts for entrepreneurs. To distinguish entrepreneur from non entrepreneur people and curriculum and pedagogy development, it is necessary to study their attitudes, mentalities and mind sets. Effectiveness and efficiency (productivity) of entrepreneurship training courses can be evaluated base on entrepreneurial intention, self-efficiency and decision to start an entrepreneurial activity. This paper explains knowledge, human memory, types of knowledge, cognitive styles and predispositions; and finally discuss about their applications in entrepreneurial activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Future Trends and Business Environment
Hamid Hashemi

Forecasting the future is very important for business owners, while it is not difficult to discover it. Scientists and economists regularly uncover trends by analyzing: patterns in government and corporate research policies; new technological advancements and discoverie More

Forecasting the future is very important for business owners, while it is not difficult to discover it. Scientists and economists regularly uncover trends by analyzing: patterns in government and corporate research policies; new technological advancements and discoveries; market supply and demand fluctuations; and present moods, needs and spending habits of consumers. But for small businesses owners, there are many books, papers and web sites about new trends and megatrends. They talk about future changes such as: Shifting the global axis of power and influence from West to East, or underlying Asias rapid modernization include a shift from central government control to free-market economies, the emergence of female entrepreneurs, mass migration to cities and a resurgent individualistic spirit that rejects welfarism. These patterns can be uncovered through the computer analysis of large amounts of data taken from databases, polls, news clippings, or any other medium where information can be accumulated. From these patterns - as well as knowledge of past tendencies, historical cycles, an empirical understanding of human nature, and primitive gut reactions – they piece together astoundingly accurate predictions. This paper introduces new patterns and megatrends to business owners in order help them to plan their strategy and approach for sustaining their customers and their businesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The norms of entrepreneurial science
henry Eikoeitz Firouzeh Asbaghi Khanghah

Universities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university int More

Universities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university integrates economic development as an additional function. The capitalization of knowledge takes many different forms that are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Definition, Decomposition and Measurement of Opportunity Recognition Skill
Seyed jalal Mosavi bazargani

Entrepreneurship could be considered as an opportunity based management of resources and opportunity recognition is the main differentiating skill of entrepreneurs from the rest of population. Unfortunately no measurement tool for this skill has been developed. In this More

Entrepreneurship could be considered as an opportunity based management of resources and opportunity recognition is the main differentiating skill of entrepreneurs from the rest of population. Unfortunately no measurement tool for this skill has been developed. In this paper a new tool based on Murphy decomposition of skill and lens model of Egon Brunswik is introduced. An example is provided for further clarification and areas in which the tool could be developed and used are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Ambiguity in ambiguity tolerance of entrepreneurs
Jalil Samad Aghaei

In this paper, one of the obvious psychological attributes of entrepreneurs that are ambiguity endurance is described by divergent and entrepreneurial thinking. So this characteristic is investigated and analyzed from different and new points, by designing some question More

In this paper, one of the obvious psychological attributes of entrepreneurs that are ambiguity endurance is described by divergent and entrepreneurial thinking. So this characteristic is investigated and analyzed from different and new points, by designing some questions about tolerance, ambiguity and they way of cope with them. These questions would not be answered in this paper but will help the reader to know entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Time Management
Seyed reza Alavi

abstract not found

abstract not found Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Entrepreneurship approaches and strategies in universities
Mohammadreza Hamidi zadeh

Using the methods, processes and businesses within the framework of production approaches and strategies, retention and revival of pioneer universities knowledge in the country, not only enables the conceptual, scientific and experimental resources of the faculty member More

Using the methods, processes and businesses within the framework of production approaches and strategies, retention and revival of pioneer universities knowledge in the country, not only enables the conceptual, scientific and experimental resources of the faculty members and employees of those centers, but it is also a proper pattern for start-up university centers to benefit from the outcomes of knowledge generation and supply. Considering these aspects of knowledge management, introduces universities and higher education centers as the sources of production, creation and renewal of knowledge in the country. In this article, by elaborating the necessities, different types and resources of knowledges the enrichment and transfer approaches are being reviewed. Then , the improving knowledge creation strategies within the organizational capabilities of the universities that conduct to organizational learning of highereducation centers, are being analyzed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Study the Influences of organizational innovation and managerial innovation in companies' success (Case Study: knowledge based companies in Guilan Science and Technology Park)
Morteza Asadpour Mahnazz Kargar

10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.008

Nowadays,, innovation is considered the most important factors for economic growth. Innovation occurs, when an idea develops as a product, process or service. Innovation is also a management system in which, focuses on the organization mission, seeking exceptional oppor More

Nowadays,, innovation is considered the most important factors for economic growth. Innovation occurs, when an idea develops as a product, process or service. Innovation is also a management system in which, focuses on the organization mission, seeking exceptional opportunities and determines if the direction of strategy is appropriate or not. Innovation makes clear success criteria and is looking for new opportunities.,on the other hand, development of knowledge based companies is one of important and effective strategies toward the realization of resistance economy and these companies have influential role in the development of knowledge based economy. In this study the Influences of organizational innovation and managerial innovation in the success rates of knowledge based companies have been investigated. The main goal of this research is the study of the effects of the organizational innovation and managerial innovation on the success rate of the knowledge based companies in guilan Science and Technology Park. Examine and describing the obtained data from questionnaires with using frequency indicators, the research hypothesis and the relationship between variables were performed with using Lisrel software. Studies indicate all thehypothesis were accepted and the theoretical model was confirmed. The results show that organizational innovationand managerial innovation have positive effects on the success of knowledge based companies, the results also indicate that organizational innovation have more indirect influence in companies’ssuccess through innovation intensity, furthermore, innovation intensity has the most influence in companies success rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - The Model of Search Engine Project Impacts on Sustainable Development
Mohammad Azadnia Shamsossadat Zahedi Abdorreza Majjeddin Mohammadreza Pourabedi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.003

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.6.6

The concept of sustainable development has been introduced for the first time by the United Nations. In one of the UN meeting in 1972, emphasized on the fundamental human right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in a healthy environment that allowed hi More

The concept of sustainable development has been introduced for the first time by the United Nations. In one of the UN meeting in 1972, emphasized on the fundamental human right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in a healthy environment that allowed him to have a dignified and prosperous grant live. A set of tools has been developed in Search Engine project. These tools intended to provide a variety of services "such as Retrieving text, image, and map, Translation, Q&A, Social Network and so on", to attract more users and influence them in their lives and through their interaction with the cyber space, earn high incomes and provide a change in their lifestyle. This research is to study the effects of implementing search projects on the different aspects of sustainable development and presenting a conceptual model of this impact is another purpose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - The Conceptual Model of the Development of Broadband Technology Aimed at Reducing Dependence on Oil in Resistance Economy Based on International Experiences
ali estaji mahdi roayaei Ahmad mohammadi

10.52547/jstpi.20597.17.66.63

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.66.1.7

Today, the importance of communication and especially the use of cyberspace, is so high that it is considered as one of the development strategies. In fact, Broadband Technology as a platform for Internet services is among the knowledge-based economy. according to the f More

Today, the importance of communication and especially the use of cyberspace, is so high that it is considered as one of the development strategies. In fact, Broadband Technology as a platform for Internet services is among the knowledge-based economy. according to the features such as the development of entrepreneurship and productivity growth, Broadband Technology has the ability to decrease the government reliance on oil revenues. The impact of technology on social and economic development of communities is undeniable, and based on the view of some experts, this technology is an important component in development of current economies. Broadband through the creation of market, new jobs, and infrastructure, and also by changing the economic system, will help economic and social development. Therefore, considering the position of broadband technology and the necessity to use it in the country in order to achieve the goals of the 20-year perspective, the institutionalization of the development and production of science and research, the increase of the share of gross national product in scientific production, the development and strengthening of the software movement, in this article the native development model Broadband technology is provided. To achieve this, two fundamental points are strict: First, take advantage of the experience of the leading countries in Broadband Technology. Second, considering the appropriateness native of our country. Considering these two principles, the national broadband development model has been clarified and the necessary requirements and measures to achieve those, expressed under the following topics: Prepare of supply and demand sides and the necessity of providing broadband infrastructure by government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Analyzing of the Necessary Factors for the Developing Science and Technology Pole in Qazvin Province
mehrnoosh mirzaei mohammad reza karbalaei rezaei maziar amirhosseini

10.7508/jstpi.2018.04.002

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.56.6.1

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change support More

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change supported by efficient and effective innovation systems. Creating a suitable environment for national and provincial innovation will allow companies and industries to grow, generate more profits, and create more employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analayze the necessary areas for regional development of science and technology in Qazvin province. For this purpose, using the field method, researchers and owners of knowledge based companies as a sample population. The questionnaires were completed and variables with Likert scale were evaluated and defined factors analized and prioritized for regional development of science and technology. The results of this study indicate that Qazvin province should have the necessary indicators to create the science and technology area. With the creation of a pole of science and technology, it is possible to take effective steps in developing the province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - A Fuzzy Decision Support System For Scoring Suggestions (Case Study: Fars Regional Electric Company)
Mohammad salehi

10.52547/jstpi.20695.15.59.37

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.5.3

Fars Regional Electric Company is one of 16 regional energy companies in the country, which is responsible for managing power transmission in the provinces of Fars and Bushehr. The company uses a variety of management systems to promote its offering of services, which i More

Fars Regional Electric Company is one of 16 regional energy companies in the country, which is responsible for managing power transmission in the provinces of Fars and Bushehr. The company uses a variety of management systems to promote its offering of services, which is one of these systems Suggestion System. In accordance with the executive procedure of the admission, examination and implementation system of the Suggestion System, each stage of acceptance and implementation of the Suggestion is also intended to reward the position of thought. The reward of each offer is proportional to the score that it receives after approval by its specialized committee. In order to standardize the scoring for each suggestion, indicators and criteria are also included in the company's method of implementation, which is categorized in three areas of technical, non-technical and financial criteria. Given the lack of tools for calculating indices, each index must first be described and then converted into a number as a score. In this paper, while introducing the Fars Regional Electric Company, the position of the Suggestion System and the current scoring method for any Suggestion in this company, using a fuzzy inference, Using the various criteria of each Suggestion, system suggest a total score for each suggestion is close to expert opinion. The results of using this system indicate that the decision quality in the allocation of score to each Suggestion is increased and the rules in the system fuzzy inference engine provide a better score. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - New Levels of Digital Divide Around the World
ali khalaji

10.52547/jstpi.20709.15.59.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.6.4

This paper examines the concept of digital divide at the global level and within the countries level. To this end, we have been studying and analyzing research on digital divide in different countries and using international statistics. The research results show that th More

This paper examines the concept of digital divide at the global level and within the countries level. To this end, we have been studying and analyzing research on digital divide in different countries and using international statistics. The research results show that the digital divide is a broad, complex, multidimensional concept and beyond physical access to communication technologies. The digital divide,which is posed in two spheres,first international and among different countries and within the countries , can occur at four levels of access gap, gap of use and motivation, knowledge gap, and production gap. The lack of physical access to an ICT area creates an access gap between people in that area and other areas. The use and motivation gap occurs when, despite the availability of computers and the Internet, many of the population groups do not use these facilities due to lack of motivation and sufficient income. The gap in knowledge lies in the level of technological literacy and the ability to access appropriate online content and services. The manufacturing gap explains that, despite being interactive and participating in the content of new technologies, it remains far between the number of content producers and consumers. Also, the digital divide is a dynamic phenomenon, so that when the digital divide fills up at one level,at the other level, another gap is created. At the end of the study, a model is proposed for the study of the digital divide levels and the variables involved in it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Contractual and Relational Role of the Government in Achieving Strategic Innovation through Outsourcing Information Technology
hossein shabani Reza Ehteshamrasi

10.52547/jstpi.20733.15.60.18

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.60.3.3

In this paper the effectiveness of the contractual and relational role of governmental in achieving strategic innovation through outsourcing of information technology (IT) has been studied. The main purpose of this research is to examine the quality of customer-supplier More

In this paper the effectiveness of the contractual and relational role of governmental in achieving strategic innovation through outsourcing of information technology (IT) has been studied. The main purpose of this research is to examine the quality of customer-supplier relationships and the probability of achieving strategic innovation. The research method is descriptive (non-experimental) and correlation research is a type of path analysis. The statistical population of this research is all employees of Qazvin Azad University. According to the size of the statistical population, Morgan table has been used to determine the sample size. 317 employees in Qazvin were selected as research sample. Data gathering was done through library and field surveys by standard questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire has been used through content validity method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for a scale of more than 0.7. The reliability of this desirable scale was evaluated by content reliabality. The results show that both hypotheses have been accepted, indicating that there is a significant relationship between the quality of customer-supplier relationship and strategic innovation with regard to the mediating role of the contractor and the relationship between the governments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Technological Learning in Developing Countries
Nasrin Dastranj

10.52547/jstpi.20751.16.61.62

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.16.61.4.9

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, respond More

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, responding to environmental changes. Three important features of technological learning include gradual technological change, international diffusion of technology and local technological endeavors. In this research, the factors influencing technological learning have been identified. According to studies, two main components, including technological capability (absorption capacity) and catch up strategy have been introduced as key components. Then, by analyzing the components, the main factors of each have been identified and modeled. Capabilities have been identified with a set of factors that are categorized as enterprise factors (including internal knowledge of employees, organizational strategies, and technological capabilities), national factors (including market conditions and competitive environment, culture and education, policies and regulations, and Technical infrastructure) and global factors (including fluidity, multiplicity of innovations, and complexity of technologies). The level of these capabilities will determine the catch up strategy. Understanding these factors helps to influence the speed and power of technological learning in firms and industries in developing countries. Considering the development of technological capabilities and absorption capacity at the level of enterprises with the aim of promoting the localization of technology, choosing the appropriate method for acquiring technology in order to encourage learning and acquiring new skills, as well as paying attention to the development of complementary capabilities will lead to the development of technological learning and the success of the technological plans in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Dynamic Model for Evaluating Information Systems Security by System Dynamics Modeling
Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi Amir Hakaki Sara Gholamshahi

10.52547/jstpi.20820.16.64.52

20.1001.1.17355486.1399.16.64.3.8

In recent decades, information security has been a great importance for all organizations. However, to enhance information security in an organization, many projects have been failed due to lack of knowledge of risks and effective factors on information security. This p More

In recent decades, information security has been a great importance for all organizations. However, to enhance information security in an organization, many projects have been failed due to lack of knowledge of risks and effective factors on information security. This paper aims to study effective factors on security of information systems. Data is collected through extensive literature review and open interview by 12 experts, which is chosen as the judgment of researchers purposefully. Causal model of studied risks was designed based on experts’ opinions, after identifying dimensions and risk factors. Subsequently, Dynamic model was plotted by VENSIM software using system dynamics approach. System dynamics modelling creates a better understanding of the system behavior and allows for the development of new structures and policies. In order to test the validation of research dynamic model, boundary condition was used. results indicate that presented model is validated. Moreover, to simulate by studied model, the data is collected from OFOGH consulting engineering company and run for a period of 12 months. As a result, among identified risks, the most important one relates to technical risk. Data risk, human risk and physical risk are in the next ranks respectively. In addition, environmental risk has the lowest importance. At the end, using security software, determining staff access levels, using uninterrupted Power Supply systems, Closed Camera Television (CCTV), and staff training courses are identified as four solutions to improve information systems security behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Investigating and Explaining the Key Factors of IT Effectiveness in the Organization with Shannon Extra-Combination-Entropy Approach
Farshid Farokhizadeh Abbas Ali Rastgar

10.52547/jstpi.20972.18.69.55

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.18.69.6.1

Today, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organiz More

Today, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organizations during the Corona virus epidemic in order to provide better services and products without face-to-face referral to the clients / customers. In this resech, which is based on a combined approach, we use the existing information and documents as data. The statistical population of the study is 10 governmental organizations located in Alborz province.. In this article, in addition to introducing the proposed models for information technology acceptance and their classification, the effective factors in accepting new information technology in the studied government organizations to provide better services and products with the combined approach of transnational and Shannon entropy have been studied and identified. In this paper to determine these factors after identifying and introducing the types of existing models; Concepts, dimensions and indicators of the research have been extracted using the meta-combination method and ranked using the Shannon entropy method. The research results indicate that cooperation and coordination, environmental factors in technology acceptance, organizational factors, managerial factors, and human capital factors are in the first to fifth places respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - A Supervision System on Organic Products Supply Chain Based on Blockchain Technology
FERESHTEHAZADI PARAND َAli TAVAKOLIGOLPAYGANI Negin Ghaderi

10.61186/jstpi.32595.19.76.52

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.2.2

Nowadays, based on the spreading of information technology, food consumers especially organic food increasingly want to be informed about the history of food products that they are buying. They want to know about the origin of food, the condition of storage, transportin More

Nowadays, based on the spreading of information technology, food consumers especially organic food increasingly want to be informed about the history of food products that they are buying. They want to know about the origin of food, the condition of storage, transporting, etc. besides the information are printed on the packages. In this paper, we are proposing a back and forth supervision system on organic products supply chain based on blockchain technology to ensure data integrity and allow data tracing. The proposed system as a decentralized and secure infrastructure database improves food security and safety, and reduces fraud by verifying the quality and the origin of the products throughout the entire their agricultural supply chain. A unique Quick Response code was used to identify each product within the supply chain. Automated protocols on validation each transaction and events related to a product by peers of the Blockchain system enable data transmitted on the network to be verified and stored immutably and minimizing the risk of data corruption. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry
hossein amoozadkhalili neda haghi Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam

10.61186/jstpi.33168.19.76.60

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.3.3

Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on More

Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry based on artificial neural networks. This model is based on a conceptual model used in an MLP neural network simulation that simulates a blockchain-like process. Also, the neural networks created in the block chain have a strong connection and the possibility of breaking them is low. The data became closer to normal distribution after learning, indicating that blockchain technology will be able to provide cyber security. The level of correlation and efficiency presented was also reported and the findings of the study showed that the efficiency related to blockchain technologies after learning reached the level of 770.57 units, which shows that using the MLP method to learn the process of blockchain technology can be Lead to greater efficiency for cyber security. Also, the value of variance is equal to 27.77 and the mean value of computational values is equal to 0.35 and the value of correlation is equal to 0.99. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Provide a B2C e-commerce Pattern with an emphasis on Sharing Economy
Fazel Bazrafshan Jamshid Edalatian Shahriari Nosratollah Shadnoush

10.61186/jstpi.33375.19.73.35

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.19.73.6.6

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovat More

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Investigating the Effective Factors on Strengthening the Infrastructure of Information Systems in the Country's Organizations Based on Structural Equation Technique and AHP
Vahid Hajilo zahra moghimi

10.61186/jstpi.33486.19.74.35

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.5.1

Considering the increasing movement of the country's organizations towards the full benefit of information systems, it is very important to identify the factors affecting the strengthening of these systems to improve the quality of service delivery. Therefore, this rese More

Considering the increasing movement of the country's organizations towards the full benefit of information systems, it is very important to identify the factors affecting the strengthening of these systems to improve the quality of service delivery. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the effective factors on strengthening the infrastructure of information systems. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in nature. The research community is the government organizations of the country, and 10 people were selected to form the expert panel from among the experts who have the qualifications. Among the employees, 250 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. The research method is a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods (hierarchical analysis process), structural equations and fuzzy inference system. After extracting the dimensions and factors from the literature and the background of the research, the ranking of the effective factors in the form of five dimensions and 15 components was done using the multi-criteria decision making method. The results showed that the legal infrastructure has established the highest correlation with the infrastructure of information systems. Also, among the dimensions, the technological infrastructure is the most important. The results of fuzzy inference also showed that the most favorable state for information subsystems is 0.698 according to the available facilities, and the optimal combination for this state is achieved when structural factors are 0.724, organizational factors are 0.58, governance factors are 0.569, social factors are 0.707, and educational factors are 0.468. Therefore, in order to strengthen the infrastructure of the country's information systems, it is suggested that the officials focus on strengthening and developing structures and supporting technological innovations in the first step. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - The Role of IoT Technology Features in Perceived Value Creation, Intention to Advertise and Continue to Receive Customer Services at Sepah Bank
Yaser Ghasemi Nezhad hamidreza fallah lajimi Ahmad Sheikhol-Islami Tonekaboni

10.61186/jstpi.34236.19.76.71

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.76.6.6

The use of IoT in the banking industry leads to the provision of various banking products and services to customers. New digital innovations, including the Internet of Things, have also created a competitive market for banks, and banks need to adapt their practices acco More

The use of IoT in the banking industry leads to the provision of various banking products and services to customers. New digital innovations, including the Internet of Things, have also created a competitive market for banks, and banks need to adapt their practices accordingly. Therefore, in the present study, value creation with IoT technology was investigated in Sepah Bank. For this purpose, the statistical population of this research includes 130 employees of all departments of the information technology department of Sepah Bank. Using Morgan table, the number of statistical samples of this research was 86 people. For inferential analysis of data obtained from standard questionnaires, based on Balaji & Roy research (2017), the correlation method based on structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and SPSS and SmartPLS software were used. The results of the study showed that the perceived excellent performance had a positive and significant effect on the shared value creation and the intention to continue receiving services from the Internet of Things, as well as the perceived aesthetic demand on the perceived value creation and excellent performance of The Internet of Things and the intention to continue receiving services and the intention to verbally advertise has had a positive and significant effect, as well as the intention to continue receiving services has a positive effect on the intention to verbally advertise customers, but perceived ease of use and perceived existence do not have a positive effect on perceived shared value creation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - A Cyber Security Maturity Model for Critical Infrastructures with a Comparative Study Approach
Mohamad Akhtari mohammadali keramati seyed abdolah amin mousavi

10.61186/jstpi.36349.19.75.22

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.75.3.1

With the advancement of mankind in the information age and the advent of the digital information age, dependence on national infrastructure has become more important than ever. Lack of cyber security in infrastructure, disrupts the functioning of various sectors such as More

With the advancement of mankind in the information age and the advent of the digital information age, dependence on national infrastructure has become more important than ever. Lack of cyber security in infrastructure, disrupts the functioning of various sectors such as government, economy and services. By disrupting critical infrastructure, irreparable damage may occur in areas such as human casualties, economic damage, and loss of public confidence. Thus, information technology and cyber security have a special place in the digital arena. Accordingly, one of the most important challenges of different countries today, which can also harm national security, is cyber-attacks. This study explores to provide a cyber security maturity model for critical infrastructure. This study examines and analyzes five crucial models of cyber security maturity.The research shows that the cybersecurity maturity models are significantly similar to each other. By comparative study and comparison between the analyzed models, 48 indicators were obtained. Examination of these indicators shows that some of them overlap with other indicators. Therefore overlapping indices were classified into 16 groups based on frequency. Then, these groups by clustering analysis method and according to the obtained data, using SPSS software were organized in five levels, based on which the cyber security maturity model for critical infrastructure was presented. Manuscript profile

List of articles (by subject) Technology Development Infrastructures and Supporting organizations