کشاورزی هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت‌اشیاء
محورهای موضوعی : مديريت تکنولوژي
غلامرضا فرخی
1
(دانشگاه پیام نور)
محبوبه گاپله
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی)
کلید واژه: اینترنت‌اشیاء شبکه‌های حسگر بی‌سیم کشاورزی دقیق کشاورزی هوشمند نظارت آنلاین,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز به تأمین غذا از یک طرف و کمبود آب، انرژی و زمین‌های قابل کشت از طرف دیگر، کشاورزی سنتی دیگر پاسخگوی نیاز غذایی جمعیت جهان نیست از این‌رو کشاورزی هوشمند بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اینترنت‌اشیاء یک فناوری نوین است که قادر به ارائه راه‌حل‌های بسیاری برای مدرنیزاسیون کشاورزی می‌باشد. فناوری اینترنت‌اشیاء اطلاعات قابل اطمینانی در مورد بذری که باید کشت شود، میزان بذر، بهترین زمان کاشت و برداشت و همچنین پیش‌بینی میزان محصولی که برداشت می‌شود به کشاورز ارائه می‌دهد. در این مقاله، با مطالعه تحقیقات و پژوهش‌های انجام شده از طریق جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با روش کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعه منابع علمی در زمینه فناوری اینترنت‌اشیاء و همچنین زیرساخت‌های لازم جهت استقرار و نیز پتانسیل و ظرفیت‌های این فناوری در حوزه کشاورزی پرداخته شده است. در پژوهش حاضر به مرور مزایای بکارگیری اینترنت‌اشیاء در بخش کشاورزی هوشمند از جمله افزایش عملکرد محصول ناشی از برنامه‌ریزی مناسب زمان کاشت بذر، برداشت محصول، بهینه‌سازی مصرف آب پرداخته شده است. همچنین برنامه‌ریزی جهت به‌کارگیری روش‌های مناسب آبیاری با توجه به میزان آب مورد نیاز هر گیاه و هر منطقه آب و هوایی، شناسایی به‌هنگام آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی و اعلام هشدارهای لازم به کشاورز جهت تصمیم‌گیری و انجام اقدامات لازم برای دفع آفات با بهره‌مندی از اطلاعات دریافتی از حسگرهای مستقر در مزرعه از دیگر مزایایی است که در این پژوهش به آن پرداخته شده است.
Nowadays, with the increasing population of the world and the need for food on the one hand and the scarcity of water, energy and arable land on the other hand, traditional agriculture is no longer responsive to the food demand of the world population, so smart farming has become more and more popular. The IoT is a new technology that is capable of providing many solutions for modernizing agriculture. IoT provides reliable information on the seed to be sown, the seed rate, the best time to plant and harvest, as well as the prediction of the amount of crop to be harvested. In this article, by studying research and research through library data collection and the study of scientific resources in the field of IoT, as well as the infrastructure required for deployment, we discuss the potentials and capabilities of this technology In the field of agriculture. The present study reviews the benefits of using IoT in smart agriculture such as increasing crop yields due to proper planning of seed planting time, crop harvesting, water use optimization. Planning to apply appropriate irrigation methods according to the amount of water required for each plant and each climatic zone, identifying pests and plant diseases at the real time, and alerting the farmer to the necessary decisions and actions to be taken. Pest utilization of information obtained from sensors established in the field is another benefit that has been addressed in this study.
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