The Challenges of Project Management of Complex Products and Systems
Subject Areas : Technology Managementzahra noori 1 * , Mojtaba Azizi 2
1 - Tarbiat Modares University
2 - Tarbiat Modares University
Abstract :
Complex products and systems (CoPS) are products, systems, services and infrastructure assets that are costly and require advanced technology and are known as capital goods. The technological complexity of CoPS is an important competitive advantage, for companies and even governments. As these products are customized, the development of them is considered as projects. In compare to common projects, the difference in the nature of the CoPS products has led to some differences in managing them. In this study, we are going to explore the differences in the CoPS projects and how they are managed by exploring the comprehensive CoPs literature review from the project management perspective. In the initial search, 84 papers were identified. After studying abstracts, the number of related articles was reduced to 22. After studying articles, we classified them and examined how to managed CoPS projects. According to the results, managing CoPS projects are diffrent from some aspects such as integration management, communication management, scope management, project planning and control, time and cost management, risk management and stakeholder management in compared to common projects. Organizations should consider these differences in managing CoPS projects. The results also indicate that the number of studies carried out on CoPS projects is not very high, especially in Iran. The most important identified gap research is the lack of applied studies in various industries, including communications, defense industries, and so on.
1- شفیعی، مهرداد، الیاسی، مهدی، شبکه نوآوری در محصولات با سیستم‌های پیچیده، فصلنامه توسعه تکنولوژی صنعتی، 12 (23)، 1393، 31-40.
2- حسینی، سیدعلی، محمدی، مهدی، حاجی حسینی، حجت‌اله، عوامل حیاتی موفقیت نوآوری در محصولات و سیستم‌های پیچیده (CoPS): مطالعه موردی پروژه بالگرد ملی سازمان صنایع هوایی. فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری، 4 (1)، 1395، 159-186.
3- محمدی، مهدی، حسینی، سیدعلی، حمیدی، مهدی، محمودی، بهروز، انتخاب مدل مناسب انتقال فناوري در بنگاه‌هاي با محصولات و سيستم‌هاي پيچيده (CoPS)، (مورد مطالعاتي، شركت توگا)، چهارمين كنفرانس بين‌المللي و هشتمين كنفرانس ملي مديريت فناوري، 1393.
4- حکیمیان، حمید، آراستی، محمدرضا، صبحیه، محمدحسین، شناسایی ابزارهای دانشی مؤثر بر تسهیم دانش در مراحل مختلف مدل Vee برای توسعه محصولات و سیستم‌های پیچیده CoPS، مدیریت صنعتی (دانشگاه آزاد سنندج)، 9 (1)، 1393، 43-59.
5- Y-.T. Ren and K.-T. Yeo, "Research challenges on complex product systems (CoPS) innovation," Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, 2006, 23, 519-529.
6- L. Xu and S. Tang, "Technology Innovation-Oriented Complex Product Systems R&D Investment and Financing Risk Management: An Integrated Review," in Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 2017, 1653-1663.
7- K. Remington and J. Pollack, "Complex Projects: What are they and how can we manage them more effectively?," in AIPM Project Management Conference, 2008.
8- M. Azizi, M. J. Sheykh, M. R. Arasti, and M. H. Sobhiyah, "People Capability of Project Based Organizations in Undertaking CoPS," presented at the 24th IPMA world congress, Istanbul, 2010.
9- B. Kitchenham, S. Charters, "Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering," 2007.
10- J. Shane, K. Strong, D. Gransberg, and D. Jeong, Guide to project management strategies for complex projects, 2015.
11- K. L. Hansen and H. Rush, "Hotspots in complex product systems: emerging issues in innovation management," Technovation, 1998, 18, 555-590.
12- D. D. Dunne and D. Dougherty, "Abductive reasoning: How innovators navigate in the labyrinth of complex product innovation," Organization Studies, 2016, 37, 131-159.
13- H. Rush, "Managing innovation in complex product systems (CoPS)," in IEE Colloquium on EPSRC Technology Management Initiative (Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council), 1997, 1-4.
14- R. Magnaye, B. Sauser, P. Patanakul, D. Nowicki, and W. Randall, "Earned readiness management for scheduling, monitoring and evaluating the development of complex product systems," International Journal of Project Management, 32, 2014, 1246-1259.
15- K. Yeo and Y. Ren, "Risk management capability maturity model for complex product systems (CoPS) projects," Systems Engineering, 2009, 12, 275-294.
16- M. T. Adoko, T. A. Mazzuchi, and S. Sarkani, "Developing a Cost Overrun Predictive Model for Complex Systems Development Projects," Project Management Journal, 2015, 46, 111-125.
17- H. D. Poudeh, M. Cheshmberah, H. Torabi, M. H. Karimi Gavareshki, and R. Hosnavi, "Determining and prioritizing the factors influencing the outsourcing of Complex Product Systems R&D projects employing ANP and grey-DEMATEL method (case study: Aviation Industries Organization, Iran)," Technology in Society, 2018.
18- J. K. Roehrich, A. Davies, L. Frederiksen, and N. Sergeeeva, "Management innovation in complex products and systems: The case of integrated project teams," Industrial Marketing Management, 2018.
19- J. J. Lee and H. Yoon, "A comparative study of technological learning and organizational capability development in complex products systems: Distinctive paths of three latecomers in military aircraft industry," Research Policy, 2015, 44, 1296-1313.
20- M. Kiamehr, M. Hobday, and M. Hamedi, "Latecomer firm strategies in complex product systems (CoPS): The case of Iran’s thermal electricity generation systems," Research Policy, 2015, 44, 1240-1251.
21- J. B. Moody and M. Dodgson, "Managing complex collaborative projects: Lessons from the development of a new satellite," The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006, 3, 568-588.
22- J. Su and J. Liu, "Effective dynamic capabilities in complex product systems: experiences of local Chinese firm," Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China, 2012, 4, 174-188.
23- M. Naghizadeh, M. Manteghi, M. Ranga, and R. Naghizadeh, "Managing integration in complex product systems: The experience of the IR-150 aircraft design program," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017, 122, 253-261.
24- D. M. Sharman and A. A. Yassine, "Characterizing complex product architectures," Systems Engineering, 2004, 7, 35-60.
25- J. Lehtinen, K. Aaltonen, and R. Rajala, "Stakeholder management in complex product systems: Practices and rationales for engagement and disengagement," Industrial Marketing Management, 2018.
26- M. Hobday, "The project-based organisation: an ideal form for managing complex products and systems?," Research policy, 2000, 29, 871-893.