Effect of Available Biomass and Technological Capacities on Bioeconomy Policies: Comparison Beteween Iran and Selected Countries
Subject Areas : Policy-making and implementation of sustainable development in all areas
1 -
Keywords: Bioeconomy Biomass Reources Policy Making Innovation Technology,
Abstract :
Access to biomass resources and innovation capacities is important in adopting bioeconomy policies. This study has explored the effect of mentioned parameters on the orientation of the countries with more than 50% of agricultural, forest and aquatic biomass resources as well as innovative countries. Also, the bioeconomy policies of I.R. Iran have been compared with similar countries and some north neighbors. Bioenergy is the main field of bioeconomy considered by all countries based on their biomass resources. Countries with enough biomass and top innovation ranking, increase the leverage of bioeconomy in various areas especially health and marine industries. Development of agricultural biotechnology by conventional methods and technologies is followed in the countries that their rank in innovation is modest or weak. In Iran and similar countries with the limit forest and agricultural lands, the health biotechnology is comparatively dominant area. Biofertilizer and biopestiside application and bioelectricity production using wastes have been considered in "Sixth FiveYear Development Plan: 2016-2021" law, but these areas havenot yet the acceptable share in Iran's bioeconomy. Achieving a balance in bioeconomy development needs to identify national demands and priorities, improve the biotechnology capacities in the field of agriculture and the environment, adopt the clear policies and strategies for the use of other resources, especially marine biomass, and strengthen the regional or international cooperation.
References:
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38- Global Bioeconomy Summit. Bioeconomy Policy (Part III) Update Report of National Strategies around the World. 2018 April 2018 [cited 2020 30 Jul]; Available from: https://biooekonomierat.de/fileadmin/Publikationen/berichte/GBS_2018_Bioeconomy-Strategies-around-the_World_Part-III.pdf.
39- World Bank Data, Forest area (% of land area), in World Develpment Indicators. 2017, World Bank Group. [cited 2020 22 Jul]; Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
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41- World Bank Data, Total fisheries production (metric tons), in World Bank Indicators. 2017, World Bank Group. [cited 2020 22 Jul]; Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
42- Lago, C., Herrera, I., Caldés, N., and Lechón, Y., Chapter One - Nexus Bioenergy–Bioeconomy, in The Role of bioenergy in the bioeconomy, Lago, C., Caldés, N., and Lechón, Y., Editors. 2019, Academic Press. p. 3-24.
43- Rodionova, M.V., Poudyal, R.S., Tiwari, I., Voloshin, R.A., Zharmukhamedov, S.K., Nam, H.G., Zayadan, B.K., Bruce, B.D., Hou, H.J.M., and Allakhverdiev, S.I., Biofuel production: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017. 42(12): p. 8450-8461.
44- Pelkmans, L. IEA Bioenergy Countries’ Report – Update 2018: Bioenergy policies and status of implementation. 2018. 14.
45- Seker, Y., Marine Planning in Israel, in Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel, Chorev, S. and Gonen, E., Editors. 2016, Haifa University. p. 205-210.
46- Kuchenreuther, M.J. and Sackman, J.E., Biotechnology Innovation and Growth in Israel, in BioPharm International. 2013. p. 34-36.
47- Hansen, L. and Bjørkhaug, H., Visions and Expectations for the Norwegian Bioeconomy. Sustainability, 2017. 9(3): p. 341.
48- Osmakova, A., Kirpichnikov, M., and Popov, V., Recent biotechnology developments and trends in the Russian Federation. New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 76-81.
49- Dundar, M. and Akbarova, Y., Current State of Biotechnology in Turkey. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011. 22: p. S3-S6.
50- Celikkanat Ozan, D. and Baran, Y., Comparative development of knowledge-based bioeconomy in the European Union and Turkey. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2014. 34(3): p. 269-280.
51- Kalayci, I. and Duran Uzun, A. Bioeconomy, biotechnology and Turkey. in 50th The IIER International Conference. 2015. Zurich, Switzerland.
52- UNCTAD, Iran's Biotechnology Innovation System, in Science, Technology and Innovation policy review, Iran’s biotechnology innovation system. 2016, United Nations: New York and Geneva.
1- قانون برنامه پنجساله ششم توسعه اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي جمهوري اسلامي ايران (1396-1400). مصوبات مجلس شورای اسلامی ايران، 1396. دسترسي در 10 مرداد 1399، قابل بازيابي از: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1014547
2- ترکاشوند، جواد، امام‌جمعه، محمد مهدی، فرزادکیا، مهدی و محمودخانی، روح‌الله، ميزان تفکيک از مبدأ در مديريت پسماند و مروري بر عوامل اقتصادي و اجتماعي مؤثر بر آن در چند شهر ايران (1396(. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، 1397. 22 (5): 71-79.
3- اقتصاد آن‌لاين، توليد برق از زباله دستاورد شكست خورده، تاريخ خبر 12/2/1396، كد خبر 191099، دسترسي در 7 مرداد 1399، قابل بازيابي از https://www.eghtesadonline.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C-9/191099-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87
4- طرح نقشه‌راه و برنامه توسعه توليد دانش‌بنيان زيست‌فناوري. فصل سوم: زيست‌فناوري صنعتي. 1395، ستاد توسعه زيست‌فناوري، معاونت علمي و فناوري رييس‌جمهور، شماره طرح 63763/11.
5- ستاد توسعه زيست‌فناوري، نقشه توزيع تقسيم كار ملي زيست‌فناوري. 1396. دسترسي در 10 مرداد 1399، قابل بازيابي از: https://biotechmag.ir/map/.
6- قانون برنامه پنجساله پنجم توسعه اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي جمهوري اسلامي ايران (1390-1394). مصوبات مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران، 1394. دسترسي در 10 مرداد 1399، قابل بازيابي از: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/790196
7- سوزنچی، ابراهیم و امیدی‌نیا، اسکندر، اثر پيش فرض هاي متعارض در سياستگذاري علم و فناوري: موردكاوي فرايند تصويب قانون ايمني زيستي در ايران. سیاست علم و فناوری، 1389. 3 (1): 45-62.
8- صندوق نوآوري و شكوفايي، گزارش اجمالي عملكرد صندوق نوآوري و شكوفايي. 1398. دسترسي در 10 مرداد 1399، قابل بازيابي از: https://www.inif.ir/web/guest/performance-report
9- ذوالفقارزاده، محمد مهدی و هاجری، مهدی، ارائه چارچوبي براي توسعه ديپلماسي علم و فناوري کشور به روش دلفي فازي. سیاست علم و فناوری، 1396. 9 (3): 1-17.
10- Bell, J., Paula, L., Dodd, T., Németh, S., Nanou, C., Mega, V., and Campos, P., EU ambition to build the world’s leading bioeconomy—Uncertain times demand innovative and sustainable solutions. New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 25-30.
11- Sasson, A. and Malpica, C., Bioeconomy in Latin America. New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 40-45.
12- OECD, The Bioeconomy to 2030, Designing the policy agenda. 2009: OECD Publication. 326.
13- Staffas, L., Gustavsson, M., and McCormick, K., Strategies and policies for the bioeconomy and bio-Based economy: An analysis of official national approaches. Sustainability, 2013. 5(6): p. 2751.
14- Lokko, Y., Heijde, M., Schebesta, K., Scholtès, P., Van Montagu, M., and Giacca, M., Biotechnology and the bioeconomy—Towards inclusive and sustainable industrial development. New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 5-10.
15- Von Braun, J., Bioeconomy – The global trend and its implications for sustainability and food security. Global Food Security, 2018. 19: p. 81-83.
16- Leitao, A., Bioeconomy: The challenge in the management of natural Resources in the 21st century. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2016. 4: p. 26-42.
17- Schütte, G., What kind of innovation policy does the bioeconomy need? New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 82-86.
18- Borgström, S., Reviewing natural resources law in the light of bioeconomy: Finnish forest regulations as a case study. Forest Policy and Economics, 2018. 88: p. 11-23.
19- Scarlat, N., Dallemand,J-F., Monforti-Ferrario, F., and Nita, V., The role of biomass and bioenergy in a future bioeconomy: Policies and facts. Environmental Development, 2015. 15: p. 3-34.
20- Guo, M., and Song, W., The growing U.S. bioeconomy: drivers, development and constraints. New Biotechnology, 2019. 49: p. 48-57.
21- Maes, D., and Van Passel, S., Effective bioeconomy policies for the uptake of innovative technologies under resource constraints. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2019. 120: p. 91-106.
22- Pugatch Consilium, Building the bioeconomy 2016, examining national biotechnology industry development strategies globally. 2016, Pugatch Consilium p. 52.
23- Dietz, Th., Börner, J., Förster, J.J., and von Braun, J., Governance of the bioeconomy: A global comparative study of national bioeconomy strategies. Sustainability, 2018. 10, 3190; doi:10.3390/su10093190.
24- Grossauer, F., and Stoeglehner, G., Bioeconomy—Spatial requirements for sustainable development. Sustainability, 2020. 12, 1877; doi:10.3390/su12051877.
25- BMEL, National policy strategy on bioeconomy, renewable resources and biotechnological processes as a basis for food, industry and energy. 2014, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL): Berlin, Germany. p. 80.
26- Edison, H., bin Ali, N., and Torkar, R., Towards innovation measurement in the software industry. Journal of Systems and Software, 2013. 86(5): p. 1390-1407.
27- Gault, F., Defining and measuring innovation in all sectors of the economy. Research Policy, 2018. 47(3): p. 617-622.
28- Andersson, U., Dasí, À., Mudambi, R., and Pedersen, T., Technology, innovation and knowledge: The importance of ideas and international connectivity. Journal of World Business, 2016. 51(1): p. 153-162.
29- Godin, B., National innovation system: The system approach in historical perspective. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 2009. 34(4): p. 476-501.
30- Manley, K., The Systems approach to innovation studies. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 2002. 9(2): p. 94-102.
31- Freeman, C., Technology, policy, and economic performance: lessons from Japan. 1987, London: Pinter Publishers.
32- Korber, M., Paier, M., and Fischer, M., An agent-based view of the biotech innovation system, in 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. 2009: Slovakia. p. 33-55.
33- Hine, D. and Kapeleris, J., Innovation and entrepreneurship in biotechnology, an international perspective: Concepts, theories and cases. 2007, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
34- Morris, J.E. and Ecuru, J., Bioscience innovation systems for an African bio-economy, in Fostering a bio-economy in eastern Africa: Insights from Bio-Innovate. , Liavoga, A., Virgin, I., Ecuru, J., Morris, J. and Komen, J, Editor. 2016, International Livestock Research Institute: Nairobi, Kenya. p. 40-51.
35- Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO, Global Innovation Index: Creating Healthy Lives—The Future of Medical Innovation. 2019, WIPO.
36- Global Bioeconomy Summit. Bioeconomy Policy (Part II): Synopsis of National Strategies around the World. 2015 [cited 2020 30 Jul]; Available from: https://biooekonomierat.de/fileadmin/Publikationen/berichte/Bioeconomy-Policy_Part-II.pdf.
37- Global Bioeconomy Summit. Bioeconomy Policy (Part I): Synopsis and Analysis of Strategies in the G7. 2015 [cited 2020 31 Jul]; Available from: https://biooekonomierat.de/fileadmin/international/Bioeconomy-Policy_Part-I.pdf.
38- Global Bioeconomy Summit. Bioeconomy Policy (Part III) Update Report of National Strategies around the World. 2018 April 2018 [cited 2020 30 Jul]; Available from: https://biooekonomierat.de/fileadmin/Publikationen/berichte/GBS_2018_Bioeconomy-Strategies-around-the_World_Part-III.pdf.
39- World Bank Data, Forest area (% of land area), in World Develpment Indicators. 2017, World Bank Group. [cited 2020 22 Jul]; Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
40- World Bank Data, Agricultural land (% of Land area), in World Development Indicator. 2017, The world Bank Group. [cited 2020 22 Jul]; Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
41- World Bank Data, Total fisheries production (metric tons), in World Bank Indicators. 2017, World Bank Group. [cited 2020 22 Jul]; Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
42- Lago, C., Herrera, I., Caldés, N., and Lechón, Y., Chapter One - Nexus Bioenergy–Bioeconomy, in The Role of bioenergy in the bioeconomy, Lago, C., Caldés, N., and Lechón, Y., Editors. 2019, Academic Press. p. 3-24.
43- Rodionova, M.V., Poudyal, R.S., Tiwari, I., Voloshin, R.A., Zharmukhamedov, S.K., Nam, H.G., Zayadan, B.K., Bruce, B.D., Hou, H.J.M., and Allakhverdiev, S.I., Biofuel production: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017. 42(12): p. 8450-8461.
44- Pelkmans, L. IEA Bioenergy Countries’ Report – Update 2018: Bioenergy policies and status of implementation. 2018. 14.
45- Seker, Y., Marine Planning in Israel, in Maritime Strategic Evaluation for Israel, Chorev, S. and Gonen, E., Editors. 2016, Haifa University. p. 205-210.
46- Kuchenreuther, M.J. and Sackman, J.E., Biotechnology Innovation and Growth in Israel, in BioPharm International. 2013. p. 34-36.
47- Hansen, L. and Bjørkhaug, H., Visions and Expectations for the Norwegian Bioeconomy. Sustainability, 2017. 9(3): p. 341.
48- Osmakova, A., Kirpichnikov, M., and Popov, V., Recent biotechnology developments and trends in the Russian Federation. New Biotechnology, 2018. 40: p. 76-81.
49- Dundar, M. and Akbarova, Y., Current State of Biotechnology in Turkey. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011. 22: p. S3-S6.
50- Celikkanat Ozan, D. and Baran, Y., Comparative development of knowledge-based bioeconomy in the European Union and Turkey. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2014. 34(3): p. 269-280.
51- Kalayci, I. and Duran Uzun, A. Bioeconomy, biotechnology and Turkey. in 50th The IIER International Conference. 2015. Zurich, Switzerland.
52- UNCTAD, Iran's Biotechnology Innovation System, in Science, Technology and Innovation policy review, Iran’s biotechnology innovation system. 2016, United Nations: New York and Geneva.