Analysis And Design Of Niroo Innovation Ecosystem: Experiences And Lessons For The Future
Subject Areas : Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystems
Alireza
Valyan
1
(Allameh Tabatabei University)
Mohammad Saleh
Oliua
2
(Tazd University)
Keywords: Innovation Ecosysyem, Water and Power Industry, Soft Modeling, Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS).,
Abstract :
By increasing the role of innovation in the economy of countries and turning it into the most important competitive advantage, attention to this concept has increased. Analysis and design of systems that foster innovation have thus been the focus of science and technology policymakers in recent years. One of these systems that have generated many debates in the scientific and professional communities in the field of innovation over the past decade is the innovation ecosystem. Iran’s power and water industry, including numerous companies, research and technology organizations, technological and knowledge-based companies, and supporting institutions can be considered an innovation ecosystem whose elements interact with each other to exchange value to reach the goal of providing reliable and sustainable water and electricity for the society. This article is the result of a project to analyze, design, and establish the energy innovation ecosystem. In this direction and based on soft modeling methods, role analysis and mapping workshops were held with stakeholders and key players of the energy innovation ecosystem. The approach of complex adaptive systems was used to identify and analyze the dynamics of this ecosystem. Based on the obtained results, the roles and duties of each of the actors of Niro's innovation ecosystem were obtained in the form of an aligned structure including two levels of counter and support elements in the scope of the commercialization process. The results of this article can provide researchers and activists in this field with a new perspective on the policy-making of innovation ecosystems.
1- J. Jian et al., “Business creation, innovation, and economic growth: Evidence from China's economic transition, 1978–2017,” Economic Modelling, 2020.
2- Y. Y. Lee and M. Falahat, “The Impact of Digitalization and Resources on Gaining Competitive Advantage in International Markets: Mediating Role of Marketing, Innovation and Learning Capabilities,” Technology Innovation Management Review, vol. 9, no. 11, 2019.
3- M. P. Hekkert et al., “Mission-oriented innovation systems,” Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, vol. 34, pp. 76–79, 2020.
4- C. Diebolt and R. Hippe, “The long-run impact of human capital on innovation and economic development in the regions of Europe,” Applied Economics, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 542–563, 2019.
5- S. Nambisan, M. Wright, and M. Feldman, “The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes,” Research Policy, vol. 48, no. 8, p. 103773, 2019.
6- M. Laužikas and A. Miliūtė, “Liaisons between culture and innovation: Comparative analysis of South Korean and Lithuanian IT companies,” Insights into Regional Development, 2020.
7- S. M. Lee, D. L. Olson, and S. Trimi, “Co‐innovation: Convergenomics, collaboration, and co‐creation for organizational values,” Management decision, 2012.
8- M. G. Russell and N. V. Smorodinskaya, “Leveraging complexity for ecosystemic innovation,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 136, pp. 114–131, 2018.
9- L. Camarinha-Matos and H. Afsarmanesh, “Classes of collaborative networks,” in IT Outsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, 2010, pp. 364–370.
10- P. Ritala and A. Almpanopoulou, “In defense of ‘eco’ in the innovation ecosystem,” Technovation, 60-61, pp. 39–42, 2017.
11- A. Gawer and M. A. Cusumano, “Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 417–433, 2014.
12- W. W. Powell, K. W. Koput, and L. Smith-Doerr, “Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology,” Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 41, no. 1, p. 116, 1996.
13- R. Gulati, “Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 397–420, 1999.
14- J. S. Bain, “The Impact on Industrial Organization,” The American Economic Review, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 28–32, 1964.
15- F. M. Scherer and D. Ross, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, 1990.
16- M. G. Jacobides, T. Knudsen, and M. Augier, “Benefiting from innovation: Value creation, value appropriation and the role of industry architectures,” Research Policy, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1200–1221, 2006.
17- T. P. Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930, JHU Press, 1993.
18- H. W. Chesbrough, “The era of open innovation,” Managing innovation and change, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 34–41, 2006.
19- E. Von Hippel and G. Von Krogh, “Free revealing and the private‐collective model for innovation incentives,” R&D Management, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 295–306, 2006.
20- A. Townsend, “Integration of economic and spatial planning across scales,” International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 643–659, 2009.
21- W. van Winden et al., Manufacturing in the New Urban Economy, Routledge, 2010.
22- J. F. Moore, “Predators and prey: the new ecology of competition. Harvard business review, 71 (3), 75--86. onkvisit, s, & shaw, j (1987). self-concept and image congruence: Some research and managerial implications,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 13–23, 1993.
23- Shaker A. Zahra and Satish Nambisan, “Entrepreneurship in global innovation ecosystems,” AMS Rev, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4–17, 2011.
24- R. Adner and R. Kapoor, “Value creation in innovation ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 306–333, 2010.
25- D. Cobben and N. Roijakkers, “ECOSYSTEM TYPES AND THE TIMING OF OPEN INNOVATION STRATEGIES,” Time Issues in Strategy and Organization, p. 199, 2019.
26- J. Boyer, “Toward an Evolutionary and Sustainability Perspective of the Innovation Ecosystem: Revisiting the Panarchy Model,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 3232, 2020.
27- O. Granstrand and M. Holgersson, “Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition,” Technovation, vol. 90, p. 102098, 2020.
28- J. H. Miller and S. E. Page, Complex adaptive systems: An introduction to computational models of social life, Princeton university press, 2009.
29- T. Carmichael and M. Hadžikadić, “The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems,” in Complex Adaptive Systems. Springer, 2019, pp. 1–16.
30- T. De Wolf and T. Holvoet, Eds., Emergence versus self-organization: Different concepts but promising when combined, Springer, 2004.
31- M. Tilebein, “LEVERS OF EMERGENCE: A GENERIC FRAMEWORK OF COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS IN MANAGEMENT SCIENCE,” Kybernetes, vol. 35, 7/8, pp. 1087–1099, 2020.
32- A. Nair and F. Reed‐Tsochas, “Revisiting the complex adaptive systems paradigm: Leading perspectives for researching operations and supply chain management issues,” Journal of Operations Management, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 80–92, 2019.
33- M. C. Jackson, Systems thinking: Creative holism for managers, Wiley Chichester, 2003.
34- I. P. McCarthy et al., “New product development as a complex adaptive system of decisions,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 437–456, 2006.
35- W. B. Rouse, “Health care as a complex adaptive system: Implications for design and management,” Bridge-Washington-National Academy of Engineering-, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 17, 2008.
36- N. C. Ellis and D. Larsen-Freeman, Language as a complex adaptive system, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
37- L. Fleming and O. Sorenson, “Technology as a complex adaptive system: Evidence from patent data,” Research Policy, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1019–1039, 2001.
38- R. Nayak and P. Waterson, “Global food safety as a complex adaptive system: Key concepts and future prospects,” Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 91, pp. 409–425, 2019.
39- R. Sosis, “The building blocks of religious systems: Approaching religion as a complex adaptive system,” in Evolution, Development, and Complexity. Springer, 2019, pp. 421–449.
40- N. R. Magliocca et al., “Modeling cocaine traffickers and counterdrug interdiction forces as a complex adaptive system,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 16, pp. 7784–7792, 2019.
41- P. Brous, M. Janssen, and P. Herder, “Next Generation Data Infrastructures: Towards an Extendable Model of the Asset Management Data Infrastructure as Complex Adaptive System,” Complexity, vol. 2019, 2019.
42- M. A. Phillips and P. Ritala, “A complex adaptive systems agenda for ecosystem research methodology,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 148, p. 119739, 2019.
43- N. Smorodinskaya et al., Eds., Innovation ecosystems vs. innovation systems in terms of collaboration and co-creation of value, 2017.
44- T. Kastelle and J. Steen, “Are small world networks always best for innovation?,” Innovation, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 75–87, 2010.
45- V. Allee, “A value network approach for modeling and measuring intangibles,” Transparent Enterprise, Madrid. Available at http://www. vernaallee. com, 2002.
46- P. L. Marín and G. Siotis, “Innovation and market structure: an empirical evaluation of the ‘bounds approach in the chemical industry,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 93–111, 2007.
47- C. H. Tian et al., “BEAM: A framework for business ecosystem analysis and modeling,” IBM systems journal, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 101–114, 2008.
48- C. Battistella, “The organization of Corporate Foresight: A multiple case study in the telecommunication industry,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 87, pp. 60–79, 2014.
49- R. C. Basole and W. B. Rouse, “Complexity of service value networks: Conceptualization and empirical investigation,” IBM systems journal, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 53–70, 2008.
50- N. Rubens et al., “A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem,” JSW, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1737–1745, 2011.
51- M. Talmar et al., “Mapping, analyzing and designing innovation ecosystems: The Ecosystem Pie Model,” Long Range Planning, p. 101850, 2018.
52- C. Y. Baldwin and C. J. Woodard, “The architecture of platforms: A unified view,” Platforms, markets and innovation, vol. 32, 2009.
53- O. Dedehayir, S. J. Mäkinen, and J. R. Ortt, “Roles during innovation ecosystem genesis: A literature review,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 136, pp. 18–29, 2018.
54- P. J. Williamson and A. de Meyer, “Ecosystem advantage: How to successfully harness the power of partners,” California management review, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 24–46, 2012.
55- B. Walrave et al., “A multi-level perspective on innovation ecosystems for path-breaking innovation,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 136, pp. 103–113, 2018.
56- J. P. Davis, “The group dynamics of inter-organizational relationships: Collaborating with multiple partners in innovation ecosystems,” Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 621–661, 2016.
57- M. G. Jacobides, C. Cennamo, and A. Gawer, “Towards a theory of ecosystems,” Strategic Management Journal, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 2255–2276, 2018.
58- M. Brehmer, K. Podoynitsyna, and F. Langerak, “Sustainable business models as boundary-spanning systems of value transfers,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, pp. 4514–4531, 2018.
59- E. Lüftenegger, Service-dominant business design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 2014.
60- G. Lenssen et al., “A value mapping tool for sustainable business modeling,” Corporate Governance, 2013.
61- R. Adner, The wide lens: A new strategy for innovation, Penguin Uk, 2012.
62- R. J. Rabelo and P. Bernus, “A holistic model of building innovation ecosystems,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 2250–2257, 2015.
63- R. A. Dondofema and S. S. S. Grobbelaar, “Conceptualising innovation platforms through innovation ecosystems perspective,” in Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Innovation (ICE/ITMC): Sophia Antipolis Innovation Park, France, 17-19 June 2019, 2019, Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice.2019.8792668.
64- A. Osterwalder et al., Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want, John Wiley & Sons, 2014.