Job crafting models
Subject Areas : Entrepreneurship and Mnagement of Knowledge-based Firms
1 - University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Job crafting, Job redesign, Human resource development, Job crafting models, Job engagement, Performance,
Abstract :
Economic pressures, technological advances and changes within organisations underline the importance of flexibility in how jobs are designed in modern workplaces. Employee-driven job design, such as job crafting, has become an emerging approach for human resources development. Job crafting refers to self-initiated changes that employees make to their jobs to optimise their job design and increase the fit between the job and their needs and preferences. In fact, when employees take active initiative to modify any aspect of their work, they aim to create meaning in their roles by giving importance to their preferences and needs, which influence the job from a bottom-up work redesign point of view. Job crafting is an effective tool for enhancing job engagement, creativity, job satisfaction, performance and person-job fit. This article reviews the research that has focused on job crafting and clarifies the concept of job crafting. Then, Job crafting models that help organisations to achieve competitive advantage by attracting and retaining engaged employees are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of current research that addresses the positive effects of job crafting dimensions on employees and organisations is provided. Due to the positive outcomes of job crafting, it is worthwhile for organisations to create the conditions to encourage workers to craft their own jobs in order to fit those with their abilities, needs and skills. These job crafting behaviours have beneficial effects on the employees and the organisation at large.
References:
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1- A. Geissinger, C. Laurell, C. Öberg, C. Sandström, and Y. Suseno, "The sharing economy and the transformation of work: evidence from Foodora," Personnel Review, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 584-602, 2022, doi: 10.1108/PR-08-2019-0450.
2- G. R. Oldham and Y. Fried, "Job design research and theory: Past, present and future," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 136, pp. 20-35, 2016/09/01/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.05.002.
3- Z. Wang, J. L. Huang, and B. Xie, "Maintaining job crafting over time: joint effect of autonomy and career support from family and friends," Career Development International, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 433-449, 2022, doi: 10.1108/CDI-03-2021-0064.
4- M. Tims, A. B. Bakker, and D. Derks, "Development and validation of the job crafting scale," Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 173-186, 2012/02/01/ 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.
5- A. Wrzesniewski and J. E. Dutton, "Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work," Academy of Management Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 179-201, 2001, doi: 10.5465/amr.2001.4378011.
6- M. Tims and A. B. Bakker, "Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign," South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, employee engagement; individual job redesign; JD–R model; job crafting; positive organisational behaviour vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2010-12-03 2010, doi: 10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841.
7- E. R. Crawford, J. A. LePine, and B. L. Rich, "Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test," Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 834-848, 2010, doi: 10.1037/a0019364.
8- P. Petrou, E. Demerouti, M. C. W. Peeters, W. B. Schaufeli, and J. Hetland, "Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement," Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1120-1141, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783.
9- M. Tims, A. B. Bakker, and D. Derks, "The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being," (in eng), J Occup Health Psychol, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 230-40, Apr 2013, doi: 10.1037/a0032141.
10- A. B. Bakker, "Engagement and" job crafting": Engaged employees create their own great place to work," in Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice. Northampton, US: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
11- A. B. Bakker, M. Tims, and D. Derks, "Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement," Human Relations, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1359-1378, 2012, doi: 10.1177/0018726712453471.
12- P. F. Bruning and M. A. Campion, "A Role–resource Approach–avoidance Model of Job Crafting: A Multimethod Integration and Extension of Job Crafting Theory," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 499-522, 2018, doi: 10.5465/amj.2015.0604.
13- G. R. Slemp and D. A. Vella-Brodrick, "Optimising Employee Mental Health: The Relationship Between Intrinsic Need Satisfaction, Job Crafting, and Employee Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 957-977, 2014/08/01 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10902-013-9458-3.
14- K. Nielsen and J. S. Abildgaard, "The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers," (in eng), Work and stress, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 365-384, Oct 2012, doi: 10.1080/02678373.2012.733543.
15- J. M. Berg, A. Wrzesniewski, and J. E. Dutton, "Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity," Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 31, no. 2-3, pp. 158-186, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.645.
16- M. Kim and T. A. Beehr, "Can Empowering Leaders Affect Subordinates’ Well-Being and Careers Because They Encourage Subordinates’ Job Crafting Behaviors?," Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 184-196, 2018, doi: 10.1177/1548051817727702.
17- W. Tian, H. Wang, and S. Rispens, "How and When Job Crafting Relates to Employee Creativity: The Important Roles of Work Engagement and Perceived Work Group Status Diversity," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 291, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/291.
18- L. Dubbelt, E. Demerouti, and S. Rispens, "The value of job crafting for work engagement, task performance, and career satisfaction: longitudinal and quasi-experimental evidence," European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 300-314, 2019/05/04 2019, doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2019.1576632.
19- F. Zhang and S. K. Parker, "Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review," Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 126-146, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2332.
20- A. Mäkikangas, "Job crafting profiles and work engagement: A person-centered approach," Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 106, 01/05 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.001.
21- C. Rudolph, K. Lavigne, I. Katz, and H. Zacher, "Job Crafting: A Meta-Analysis of Relationships with Individual Differences, Job Characteristics, and Work Outcomes," Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 102, 05/25 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008.
22- B. T. Oprea, L. Barzin, D. Vîrgă, D. Iliescu, and A. Rusu, "Effectiveness of job crafting interventions: a meta-analysis and utility analysis," European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 723-741, 2019/11/02 2019, doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2019.1646728.
23- B. Lin, K. S. Law, and J. Zhou, "Why is underemployment related to creativity and OCB? A task-crafting explanation of the curvilinear moderated relations," Academy of Management Journal, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 156-177, 2017, doi: 10.5465/amj.2014.0470.
24- J.-C. Cheng and Y. O-Yang, "Hotel employee job crafting, burnout, and satisfaction: The moderating role of perceived organizational support," International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 72, pp. 78-85, 06/01 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.005.
25- M. Mondo, G. Cicotto, J. Pileri, E. Cois, and S. De Simone, "Promote Well-Being and Innovation in Sustainable Organizations: The Role of Job Crafting as Mediator," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 8899, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/11/8899.
26- H. Sesen and A. A. Donkor, "Job Crafting, Job Boredom and Generational Diversity: Are Millennials Different from Gen Xs?," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 5058, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/5058.
27- J. Y. Lee and Y. Lee, "Job Crafting and Performance: Literature Review and Implications for Human Resource Development," Human Resource Development Review, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 277-313, 2018, doi: 10.1177/1534484318.
28- D. Turek, H. J. Klein, and A. Wojtczuk-Turek, "Overcoming organizational constraints: The role of organizational commitment and job crafting in relation to employee performance," European Management Journal, 2023/12/25/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.12.001.
29- P. Boehnlein and M. Baum, "Does job crafting always lead to employee well-being and performance? Meta-analytical evidence on the moderating role of societal culture," The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 647-685, 2022/02/21 2022, doi: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1737177.
30- S. L. Peral and M. Geldenhuys, "The indirect relationship between personality and performance through job crafting behaviour," SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, vol. 46, pp. 1-12, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2071-07632020000100005&nrm=iso.
31- A. Wrzesniewski, N. LoBuglio, J. E. Dutton, and J. M. Berg, "Job crafting and cultivating positive meaning and identity in work," in Advances in positive organizational psychology., (Advances in positive organizational psychology. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing, 2013, pp. 281-302.
32- A. Lo Presti, B. van der Heijden, J. P. Briscoe, and A. De Rosa, "“Crafting your own success”: a time-lagged study on the mediating role of job crafting dimensions in the relationship between protean career and career success," Career Development International, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 180-195, 2023, doi: 10.1108/CDI-08-2022-0220.
33- C.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Yen, and F. C. Tsai, "Job crafting and job engagement: The mediating role of person-job fit," International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 37, pp. 21-28, 2014/02/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.10.006.
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