قرارداد حفظ محرمانگي: راهکاري مطمئن براي جلوگيري از افشاي اطلاعات محرمانه دارندگان اموال فکري
محورهای موضوعی :
مصطفی بختیاروند
1
(دانشگاه قم)
اکرم آقامحمدی
2
(دانشگاه قم)
کلید واژه: قرارداد مجوز بهره‌برداري قرارداد حفظ محرمانگي اطلاعات محرمانه تعهدات محرمانگي شروط معمول قرارداد محرمانگي,
چکیده مقاله :
دارندگان حقوق مالکيت فکري بويژه مخترعين غالبا از زمان خلق ايده تا تجاري‌سازي آن با چالش افشاي اطلاعات محرمانه‌اي که در جريان قراردادهاي مجوز بهره‌برداري در اختيار اشخاص ثالث قرار مي‌دهند، مواجه هستند. در حقيقت هدف عمده از انعقاد قراردادهاي محرمانگي حمايت از انواع اموال فکري از قبيل دانش فني، اسرار تجاري و ... است تا زمينه نظارت و مديريت صحيح و کارآمد بر نحوه بهره برداري از آنها فراهم شود.. استفاده از قرارداد عدم افشاء در زمينه فناوري‌هاي پيشرفته به ويژه براي شرکت هاي رايانه اي و اينترنتي در جريان قرارداد مجوز بهره‌برداري بسيار معمول است. از طرف ديگر پژوهشگران و مخترعان شرکت‌هاي دانش‌بنيان در فرآيند دستيابي به حمايت‌هاي مالکيت فکري نيز ممکن است با چالش‌هايي نظير افشاي اطلاعات محرمانه مواجه شوند. نکته مهم عدم آگاهي بسياري از صاحبان ايده و مخترعين از نحوه انعقاد چنين قراردادي است. در ارائه اطلاعات محرمانه قرارداد عدم افشاء فقط اطلاعات محرمانه را پوشش مي‌دهد و قبل از انعقاد قرارداد مجوز بهره‌برداري يا در طول مذاکرات براي محافظت از آنها منعقد مي شود. امضاء و انعقاد اين گونه قراردادها در صورت عدم آگاهي از قوانين و ويژگي هاي آن براي طرفين مي‌تواند خطرناک و تعهدات سنگيني به دنبال داشته باشد. در اين مقاله با نگاهي تحليلي-توصيفي، به تعريف، ضرورت، عملکرد و انواع قرارداد عدم افشاء و شرايط معمول در آن مي‌پردازيم. نتايج اين مقاله، لزوم اطلاع رساني دقيق و کارآمد حقوقي به دارندگان اموال فکري در زمينه انعقاد قرارداد محرمانگي و اصلاح ساحتار قانوني فعلي را جهت حمايت از حقوق اين اشخاص نمايان مي سازد.
IPRs owners, especially inventors, from the creation of idea up to its commercialization are often faced with disclosure of confidential information delivered to third parties during license agreement negotiations. In fact, the main purpose of confidentiality agreements is to protect different types of IPRs including know-how, trade secrets, etc. with a view to prepare the background for proper and effective supervision and management of their exploitation. The use of non-disclosure agreements in high-tech sector, specifically for computer and internet companies is a common in license agreement negotiations. On the other hand, researchers and inventors in knowledge-based companies may be faced with challenges like disclosure of confidential information in the process of acquiring IPRs protection. The important point is the ignorance of many idea owners and inventors as to how such agreements are concluded. When delivering confidential information, non-disclosure agreement covers merely this information and is concluded for its protection before license agreement is concluded or during license agreement negotiations. Signing and entering into such agreements, without knowledge of laws and their characteristics, may cause dangerous and heavy obligations for parties. In this paper, with an analytic-descriptive approach, we define non-disclosure agreement, its necessity, function, types and common terms and conditions. The results of this paper indicate the necessity of delivering accurate and efficient information to IPRs owners regarding entering into confidentiality agreements and the need to modify the current legal structure in order to protect their rights.
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